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., no grain boundary porosity exists and still have a few micro-particles in the texture.
With decrease of bi-layer thickness, the four Bragg reflection peaks shifted to higher single angle side, respectively, by mutual diffraction interference due to the grain size decrease from 2.43 down to 1.15 nm, resulting in the superlattice coating formed as show a high resolution TEM in Fig. 1. 30 40 50 60 70 80 TiN CrN 116 nm 95 nm 42 nm 18 nm 8 nm 6 nm 5 nm 4 nm 3 nm 2 nm CrN(311) TiN(311) CrN(220) TiN(220) CrN(200) TiN(200) CrN(111) TiN(111) Intensity (a.u) 2 Theta Fig. 1 Typical SEM cross-section and HRTEM image of a nanoscaled TiN/CrN multilayer structure (S9).
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Council, Taiwan for funding support under contract number NSC 94-2745-E-451-008-URD.

Increasing the annealing temperature increases also the grain size of the ferrite, which is in concordance with the results of N.
XRD patterns of the four heat-treated doped garnets The morphology of crystal grains of the Al doped yttrium-iron garnets, with different amounts of aluminium was studied by SEM and the results are shown in Fig. 5.
When the aluminium content increases not only the pore diameter will be changed, but number of the larger pores will be decreased too.

From the point of view of electromagnetics, such a highly inhomogeneous material becomes difficult to predict due to the fact that currents can flow only through well connected paths, and the effect of the magnetic field depends strongly on the type and the distribution of defects or grain structure.
Down: corresponding magnetic map number proportional to the average of the field over the surface of the sample: [] ∫∫ −=− dxdyHyxB S HB z 0 0 ),( 1 µ µ (1) where S is the area of the surface of the sample.
From the current maps we can distinguish the critical current in the joint, Jc GB, and the current in each grain, Jc G , the ratio Jc GB/ Jc G is the figure of merit of the weld it is of 0.7 for sample A and 0.96 for sample B.

The equivalence-bond number can be calculated according to reference [6, 10].
The bond, in especial, covalence bond will crack in matrix during superplastic deformation, which the dominant mechanism of superplastic deformation is that grain boundary sliding process will be accompanied by dislocations.
The bigger the difference of the number of the neighbor covalence electrons is, the stronger outside force is needed.
The brittleness crack will appear in metal materials when the number of covalence electron changes.
Acknowledgment This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project number 50061001; supported by the Science Foundation of Guangxi Province under Project number 0342004-1; supported by the Ten-Hundred-Thousand Talent Project of Guangxi Province under Project number 2001207.

By increasing the rolling temperature, alloy ductility should be improved, resulting in a lower mechanical damage of the final product without compromising the processing grain refinement capacity.
In Fig. 4, typical evolutions of the initial εi, permanent εp and two-way εTW strains are plotted as functions of the number of cycles for five processing routes.
In Fig. 5, the recovery stress evolution is plotted as a function of the number of cycles for all processing routes.
The maximum recoverable stresses, the number of cycles at failure Nf and the stress recovery degradation rate are collected in Table 3.
Those tests were used to determine the recovery stress and strain as well as the number of cycles at failure.

In the last time a number of new hydraulic road binders with fly ash as their component have been prepared and used.
Table 4: Total parameters of tested binder Compressive strength after 56 days Fineness of grind Initial setting time Bulk stability Sulphate content Strength class 14.5 MPa 14.8 % 175 min 1 mm 1.45 % N 2 Value of fineness of grinding showed that a high share of coarser grains is located in the structure of fly ash after denitrification after sifting with sieve of 90 μm mesh site.

The capacity to develop TWSME was revealed by the change in displacement-temperature variation, with increasing the number of training cycles.
Mechanical grinding was performed with a diamond covered disk and abrasive papers with decreasing grain size, with water cooling, as well.

It was shown that, with the sintering temperature of 1000 oC and the amount of PEG-400 of 1.5 wt % , the size of primary crystal grain was about 48 nm.
Then it creates hydrogen-based between a large number of ether bonds (-O-) and -OH which coats on the particle surface.

Then the growth orientation develops into one crystallographic direction of the low surface energy, leading to the increases of ZnO grain sizes [26], which is in agreement with our result.
Therefore, eh et al. assumed that in the first stage of heat treatment of ZnO, crystalline centers nucleated, coalesce with each other and grow into large grains [29].
The mergin process of the ZnO nanoparticles is favoured by the zinc or oxygen defects at the grain boundaries [30].
ZnO nanostructures can typically have a number of defects such as oxygen vacancies, lattice disruptions, etc.
As the XRD of Si supported films (fig. 7) exhibited growth along different planes, contribution from additional Raman modes due to grains disoriented from (002) crystal plane was expected [65].

SEM indicates that the number of the micropores largely decreased with the water/oil ratio increasing from 4% to 10%.
By the grain size analysis, mean diameter after absorbing water has been approximately five times the volume of particles before absorbing water.
However, the number of the micropores largely decreased with the water/oil ratio increasing from 4% to 10%.This indicate that when more water is added, the surface coverage ratio of surfactant decrease and the interdroplet attractive interactions lead to fusion and mass exchange during inverse suspension polymerization.
SEM indicates the size and number of micropores largely decrease with the increase of the water/oil ratio.