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Especially for small forces, stiffness increases with increasing loads, due to a changing number of contacts in the guides [5].
a = 25 µm a = 10 mm l = 45.6 mm l = 49.2 mm diameter d = 80 mm width b = 15 mm grain type RVG D91 steel 1.2365 ceramic Si N mineral oil, tangential nozzle Q' = 1.8 l/(min mm) c ft.s ft.c e p s.s s.c s s3 4 l 0 500 250 750 1000 1250 1750 mm /mm3 spec. normal force difference F'∆ n -2.50 -1.25 0 2.50 N/mm 0 1.25 2.50 5.00 µm step height s∆ feed speed when grinding ceramic vft.c ∆F'n ∆s Fig. 4: Experimental results for different feed speeds when grinding ceramic During grinding, the process forces in normal and tangential direction were recorded.
a = 25 µm a = 10 mm l = 45.6 mm l = 49.2 mm diameter d = 80 mm width b = 15 mm grain type RVG D91 steel 1.2365 ceramic Si N mineral oil, tangential nozzle Q' = 1.8 l/(min mm) c ft.s ft.c e p s.s s.c s s3 4 l 0 2 8 µm 4 0 2 6 µm step height predicted by model s.model∆ measured step height s∆ r s = 0.96 s.model + 0.70 R² = 86.9% egression ∆ ∆ regression ideal correlation Fig. 5: Comparison of predicted and measured step height Summary and Outlook The effects leading to a remaining step at the material transition zone of a compound material are investigated.

The electro-osmosis can remove the free water and part weakly bound water in the soil, especially for fine-grained soil with low permeability it is a very effective method of dehydration.
Table 1 testing program of reducing water content in the over-wet soil number Test methods test parameters Test time remarks 1 electro-osmosis volts d.c.36V With no water coming out 2 vacuum preloading Upper vacuum; Lashing velocity: 2L/S; limiting vacuum:0.06Pa With no water coming out 2X-2 type of sliding-vane rotary vacuum pump （motor power: 0.55kW） Table 2 Physical index test results of the over-wet soil in Ya’an areas Density [g/cm3] specific gravity Water content [%] void ratio saturation dry density [g/cm3] 1.843 2.71 40.67 1.07 0.99 1.310 Table 3 Particle analysis results of the over-wet soil in Ya’an areas Size[mm] >60 2~60 0.075~2 0.075~0.002 <0.002 Mass percentage after screening [%] 0 0 8.6 33.6 57.8 Mass percentage of grain less the size [%] 100 100 91.4 57.8 — Test devices and methods The test of reducing water content of the over-wet soil by electro-osmosis.

However, the high temperature oxidation research of the coating is still relatively less, and gradually increasing number of researches begin to focus on preparing multi-component ceramic coating such as Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Ti, Cr)N and (Ti, Zr)N to improve the oxidation performance[1,7-9].
Fig. 5(b) is the surface morphology of the uncoated sample after oxidation, from which it can be seen that plenty of thick dendritic grains and the clearances between them provided diffusion channel for oxygen atoms to erode the substrate.
Compared with the coated samples, the uncoated carbon steel after oxidation was composed of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO which had plenty of thick dendritic grains, and the clearances between them provided diffusion channel for oxygen atoms to erode the substrate.

That particular alloy has a very coarse microstructure (average grain size 1.2 mm) [14] and it produces very rough and tortuous crack surfaces.
Pop/Pmax As per Eq 10b in [18], the crack driving force, U, is given by: (4) Where is the crack driving force arising from pure plasticity closure only Test results from Specimen number 1B [15] were used to develop the model.
[15] Walker, K.F., and Newman, J.C., Jr., A new approach to determine near-threshold fatigue crack growth rate properties in high strength coarse-grain titanium alloy with rough and torturous fatigue surfaces, in 27th ICAF Symposium. 2013: Jerusalem, Israel

Piezocomposites are composed of piezoceramic phase in form of pillars or grains and a passive or active polymer matrix.
The effective electroelastic properties of the composite are derived by considering a sufficiently large domain of the composite with a given number of inclusions.
Venkatesh, “Electromechanical response of piezoelectric composites: Effects of geometric connectivity and grain size,” Acta Mater., vol. 56, no. 15, pp. 3810–3823, 2008

The additives either segregate at the W-W grain boundary to form intermetallic phases there or dissolved in the matrix to provide short-circuit diffusion path [1].
The activation effects of Fe is minimal because grain growth were effectively inhibited due to the presence of pores [24].
The number of W-W contacts is equally the highest.

Besides, the Ba2+ easily concentrated on crystal boundary, and then defects were produced to prevent crystal grain growth.
Ultimately the size of grains were sufficiently small, and the transformation from β-C2S→γ-C2S did not occur [12], meanwhile the hydraulic reactivity of β-C2S was enhanced.
In addition, a number of crystals of hexagonal plate were found in clinker doped with BaO, and the crystal size ranged uniformly between 1 and 4μm, demonstrating that formation of was accelerated.

The first point is that TiAl2 is formed as a layer of acicular grains.
Ti-68.0at%Al corresponds to the composition of acicular grains of TiAl2 formed at 1673 K.
The circles with numbers indicate the binary and/or ternary phase equilibria on the reaction path.

In China the grain production annual reduction caused by heavy metal pollution reaches more than 10 million tons, and grain production contaminated by heavy metal is up to 12 million tons, giving rise to total economic losses of at least 20 billion yuan 1].
Q=60n×z×q×p (2) (n-bucket wheel rotation speed ; z-number of buckets ; q-each bucket capacity ) Bucket is fixed by bolts, so it require space on the side.

Materials and Methods Preparation of the KSr2Nb5O15: KSr2Nb5O15 nanometric powders (JCPDS card number 34-0108) are prepared using a Modified Polyol Method [[] R.J.
In the angle phase deflection images, some details of grain boundary can be observed (small image on the inferior right corner).
The average of grain size for Strontium Potassium Niobate is consistent with particle diameters reported elsewhere [1]. 20 nm Primary Aggregate Primary Aggregate 19 nm 15 nm (c) (b) (a) KSr2Nb5O15 KSr2Nb5O15 Fig. 2.