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Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yan Ren, Gao Feng Yue, Yan Pin Li
The turbine, which drives the fan in cooling tower, can be connected with fan through reduction gear.
The parameters at the operating point, the turbine discharge 1010 and the speed of turbine-fan unit 160r/min, agree with the field test data.
The parameters at the operating point, the turbine discharge 1010 and the speed of turbine-fan unit 160r/min, agree with the field test data.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Ru Qiong Li, Chun Li Zhang, Hui Shen
For example, steel-on-steel special Spiroid (Helicon) gears with their multiple tooth contact were the only simple reduction gears that met the requirements for the wheel drive in the rotary tiller by the Ariens Company.
The tooth surface of Spiroid worm(Archimedes spiral surface): x0=ucosvcosθy0=ucosvsinθz0=usinv+ϑ×p (1) Where, generally, u≥0, ϑ∈0~90°π/180°, p=mδz1cosαx2cosv θ=ϑ+φ1 φ1=0; z1=1; mδ=4 inside:v=10π/180; αx=15π/180 outside:v=-35π/180; αx=30π/180 Meshing equation: Φ=x02+y02rv-prvarctanΣ+y0+tanvx0arctanΣ+y0z0×x02+y02+px0z0-y0arctanΣ=0 (2) The tooth surface of Spiroid gear: x2=x0cosΣ-z0sinΣcosφ2-(y0+a)sinφ2y2=x0cosΣ-z0sinΣsinφ2+(y0+a)cosφ2z2=x0sinΣ+z0cosΣΦ=0 (3) Where, φ2=φ1/i12; i12=51; a=100; Σ=π/2 rv=a-i12*p; θ=ϑ+φ1 Based on above equations, the surfaces datum can be obtained and the solid model is shown as Fig.3.
It can be transfer to the processing datum directly to the NC machine tools for single or small lot production.
The tooth surface of Spiroid worm(Archimedes spiral surface): x0=ucosvcosθy0=ucosvsinθz0=usinv+ϑ×p (1) Where, generally, u≥0, ϑ∈0~90°π/180°, p=mδz1cosαx2cosv θ=ϑ+φ1 φ1=0; z1=1; mδ=4 inside:v=10π/180; αx=15π/180 outside:v=-35π/180; αx=30π/180 Meshing equation: Φ=x02+y02rv-prvarctanΣ+y0+tanvx0arctanΣ+y0z0×x02+y02+px0z0-y0arctanΣ=0 (2) The tooth surface of Spiroid gear: x2=x0cosΣ-z0sinΣcosφ2-(y0+a)sinφ2y2=x0cosΣ-z0sinΣsinφ2+(y0+a)cosφ2z2=x0sinΣ+z0cosΣΦ=0 (3) Where, φ2=φ1/i12; i12=51; a=100; Σ=π/2 rv=a-i12*p; θ=ϑ+φ1 Based on above equations, the surfaces datum can be obtained and the solid model is shown as Fig.3.
It can be transfer to the processing datum directly to the NC machine tools for single or small lot production.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Hong Sheng Cai, Jin Feng Geng, Xu Yang, Yu Jing Niu, Dong Fang Ma, Yong Feng Zhao, Guo Dong Ma
Because North China Electric Power Research Institute has used the same experimental method for calcutating the rupture life of P91 steel welds, whose test data were listed in table2-1.
Conclusions (1) At 566 ℃ the creep damage cracking test shows that the ability for anti-plastic fracture, cracking and crack propagation of resistance to damage of high pressure steam conduit pipe with low hardness is very poor.In order to ensure safty temperature and pressure reduction operation on the unit should be done
Conclusions (1) At 566 ℃ the creep damage cracking test shows that the ability for anti-plastic fracture, cracking and crack propagation of resistance to damage of high pressure steam conduit pipe with low hardness is very poor.In order to ensure safty temperature and pressure reduction operation on the unit should be done
Online since: July 2014
Authors: M.D. Mathew, K. Laha, J. Ganesh Kumar
The displacement was measured as a function of time at constant load and data were acquired at the rate of 1 s to 30 seconds per data point, depending on expected duration of the test.
To study the scatter in test data, a test was repeated at 400 N.
SPC data obeying Norton‘s power law.
(3) The steady state deflection rate plotted against rupture life on log-log scale (Fig. 6) shows that SPC data, like conventional creep data, follow Monkman-Grant relationship.
Like conventional creep data, SPC deflection rate obeyed Norton’s power law and Monkman-Grant relationship.
To study the scatter in test data, a test was repeated at 400 N.
SPC data obeying Norton‘s power law.
(3) The steady state deflection rate plotted against rupture life on log-log scale (Fig. 6) shows that SPC data, like conventional creep data, follow Monkman-Grant relationship.
Like conventional creep data, SPC deflection rate obeyed Norton’s power law and Monkman-Grant relationship.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Akitake Makinouchi, Shinya MORITA, Y. Watanabe, Hitoshi Ohmori, Norihiko Itani, W. Lin, Y. Uehara, T. Mishima
Thus, the technologies are demanded to integrate all processes from design to
manufacturing, so that data should be uniformed.
Moreover, it allows CAD software and simulation software to read and write with the same data format, and it can be directly connected to machining systems using special CAM (V-Cam / Nano V-Cam) software [2].
MD assisted Interpolation of Voxel data Simulation (Tool Pass) Tool Pass NC data Feedback On-machine/ Standard measurement Surface of Workpiece Center of Tool Ultra-precision Machining (ELID Grinding) Simulation based on VCAD (Ray tracing ; V-Opt)CAM with nm level (V-Cam/Nano V-Cam) Products VCAD VCAD Format Interpolation of Voxel data Simulation (Tool Pass) Tool Pass NC data Feedback On-machine/ Standard measurement Surface of Workpiece Center of Tool Ultra-precision Machining (ELID Grinding) Simulation based on VCAD (Ray tracing ; V-Opt)CAM with nm level (V-Cam/Nano V-Cam) Products VCAD VCAD Format Figure 1 V-Cam system fabrication processes fabrication process research is also pursued to be applied to VCAD models.
Because GRIN lens can be designed freely unlike regular lens, advantages that are reduction of the number of lenses and improved optical performance are looked forward to.
The analyze process of 'V-Opt' software mainly consist of (1) reading of VCAD data, (2) setting of analyze conditions, and (3) simulation analysis.
Moreover, it allows CAD software and simulation software to read and write with the same data format, and it can be directly connected to machining systems using special CAM (V-Cam / Nano V-Cam) software [2].
MD assisted Interpolation of Voxel data Simulation (Tool Pass) Tool Pass NC data Feedback On-machine/ Standard measurement Surface of Workpiece Center of Tool Ultra-precision Machining (ELID Grinding) Simulation based on VCAD (Ray tracing ; V-Opt)CAM with nm level (V-Cam/Nano V-Cam) Products VCAD VCAD Format Interpolation of Voxel data Simulation (Tool Pass) Tool Pass NC data Feedback On-machine/ Standard measurement Surface of Workpiece Center of Tool Ultra-precision Machining (ELID Grinding) Simulation based on VCAD (Ray tracing ; V-Opt)CAM with nm level (V-Cam/Nano V-Cam) Products VCAD VCAD Format Figure 1 V-Cam system fabrication processes fabrication process research is also pursued to be applied to VCAD models.
Because GRIN lens can be designed freely unlike regular lens, advantages that are reduction of the number of lenses and improved optical performance are looked forward to.
The analyze process of 'V-Opt' software mainly consist of (1) reading of VCAD data, (2) setting of analyze conditions, and (3) simulation analysis.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jin Song Liu, Jian Xing Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhi Hui Cao, Xin Xin Gu
To introduce of cloud computing into power dispatch system, power system can build intelligent cloud use of the power system network,fully comprehensive within the system of computing and storage resources,greatly enhance the data processing and interactive capabilities of network[2].
The basic functions include data collection, data processing, measurement management, control operations, event handling, human-computer interaction, protection and control, and grid control etc[4].
Comprehensive dispatching system of DG based on cloud computing,can to support the platform layer including real-time data service, history data service, graphical interface services, general reporting services etc.
The extended function includes comprehensive data statistical , power generation forecast, planned and remote islanding detection, dispatch and coordination control, web browsing function etc, it can completely replace the existing dispatch system.
It not only saves hardware, and software resources, reduce maintenance workload, but also has many other advantages, such as the comprehensive dispatch system of DG based on cloud collecting widely the data of DG, people can use these data to implement of the source, grid, load in the regional lines.
The basic functions include data collection, data processing, measurement management, control operations, event handling, human-computer interaction, protection and control, and grid control etc[4].
Comprehensive dispatching system of DG based on cloud computing,can to support the platform layer including real-time data service, history data service, graphical interface services, general reporting services etc.
The extended function includes comprehensive data statistical , power generation forecast, planned and remote islanding detection, dispatch and coordination control, web browsing function etc, it can completely replace the existing dispatch system.
It not only saves hardware, and software resources, reduce maintenance workload, but also has many other advantages, such as the comprehensive dispatch system of DG based on cloud collecting widely the data of DG, people can use these data to implement of the source, grid, load in the regional lines.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Yong Sun, Wei Qing Yang, Ji Rong Xue, Jian Hui Tian, Wen Wei Li
While some grid products have been deployed in some areas, but in practice the performance is still far from satisfactory, so that many groups had to give up this, which did not fully commercial technology, and back to the original data center products, such as clusters or distribution computing platform.
The knowledge grid located above information grid, a grid of high-level applications, mainly completed to explore the knowledge from the underlying data and information.
The goal of cloud computing and grid computing to maximize the reduction of the computational cost, improve reliability, increase flexibility and allows the user to buy the computing power of computing resources on demand.
First, the size of the growing amount of data in today's very large amount of data need to deal with every day difference with the situation ten years ago, the grid appears, has lost its comparability.
Secondly, there are several available distributed data centers worldwide, which contains hundreds of thousands of computers, computing power to meet the amount of computation required by the current data processing may be dispersed and can be completed in many parts of the large amounts of data.
The knowledge grid located above information grid, a grid of high-level applications, mainly completed to explore the knowledge from the underlying data and information.
The goal of cloud computing and grid computing to maximize the reduction of the computational cost, improve reliability, increase flexibility and allows the user to buy the computing power of computing resources on demand.
First, the size of the growing amount of data in today's very large amount of data need to deal with every day difference with the situation ten years ago, the grid appears, has lost its comparability.
Secondly, there are several available distributed data centers worldwide, which contains hundreds of thousands of computers, computing power to meet the amount of computation required by the current data processing may be dispersed and can be completed in many parts of the large amounts of data.
Online since: November 2006
Authors: Michihiro Sato, Tetsuya Ohashi, Takuya Maruizumi, Isao Kitagawa
Table 1
shows the material data [3,4] used for the analysis.
Table 1 Material data used in the analyses [3,4].
As far as we know, there is no experimental data of lattice friction stress.
Similarly, lattice friction stresses given by the data set P2 are calculated from the hardness with the H2 series of data.
[5] Properties of Silicon, EMIS DATA REVIEWS SERIES No.4, AHMED, H. , INSPEC, )1988*,22
Table 1 Material data used in the analyses [3,4].
As far as we know, there is no experimental data of lattice friction stress.
Similarly, lattice friction stresses given by the data set P2 are calculated from the hardness with the H2 series of data.
[5] Properties of Silicon, EMIS DATA REVIEWS SERIES No.4, AHMED, H. , INSPEC, )1988*,22
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Satoshi Matsuda, Hiroshi Kubota
Current situation of the introduction of renewable energies in Japan
The current situation of renewable energies in Japan is shown in Table 2, according to data from the Japanese government (the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy)[2].
Anyway, the data shown in Table 2 indicated that there are some structural defects in the design of institutional arrangements.
The authors estimated this value as a national average by using reference data [3], for instance 10.4% for solar power, 25% for wind and 70% for geothermal and so on as a result.
Data of the power capacity : at the end of Feb. 2014 (Table 2) was only 1.7% of the nuclear power and that it will take about 59 years (=288.2/4.89) to replace nuclear power with renewable energies if the same progress situation is maintained (Total power generation data was obtained from the reference [4]).
at home is about 700000[Yen/kW-facility] requiring a serious cost reduction.
Anyway, the data shown in Table 2 indicated that there are some structural defects in the design of institutional arrangements.
The authors estimated this value as a national average by using reference data [3], for instance 10.4% for solar power, 25% for wind and 70% for geothermal and so on as a result.
Data of the power capacity : at the end of Feb. 2014 (Table 2) was only 1.7% of the nuclear power and that it will take about 59 years (=288.2/4.89) to replace nuclear power with renewable energies if the same progress situation is maintained (Total power generation data was obtained from the reference [4]).
at home is about 700000[Yen/kW-facility] requiring a serious cost reduction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Nor Diana A. Wahab, Risza Rusli, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Azizul Buang, N. A. Wahab
Bayesian Network (BN) is recognized as the powerful tool to support causal inference in situations where the data for analysis suffered with a high level of uncertainty [4].
Minimization - Reduction in the number of hazardous human tasks as few times as possible when it is unavoidable.
As an example, Table 1 shows the hypothetical ASP data of HF over 10 time intervals.
The data are reported cumulatively, showing the total number of ‘occurrences / failures’, Nj and number of ‘challenges’, Mj through the end of each time interval.
It shows that the updated failure probabilities of HF drastically increased for 10 months, as new ASP data are observed and integrated into the analysis.
Minimization - Reduction in the number of hazardous human tasks as few times as possible when it is unavoidable.
As an example, Table 1 shows the hypothetical ASP data of HF over 10 time intervals.
The data are reported cumulatively, showing the total number of ‘occurrences / failures’, Nj and number of ‘challenges’, Mj through the end of each time interval.
It shows that the updated failure probabilities of HF drastically increased for 10 months, as new ASP data are observed and integrated into the analysis.