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The hot strip’ laminar cooling process is to make the strip cool to the specified coiling temperature with a certain cooling speed after fine rolling, in order to get the expected organization structure, shape and grain size to satisfy the customer’s requirements.
Calculation example Thickness(mm) Width(mm) FT(℃) CT(℃) SJ JN CT_C(℃) Case 1 9.83 1500 850 560 5 50 561.3 Case 2 3.92 1268 900 570 5 40 573.1 Note: FT - Fine rolling outlet temperature; CT - Coiling temperature from test; JN – Number of open valves; CT_C - coiling temperature from calculation.. 3.2 Process temperature results In case 1, strip temperature variation curves at different positions in the ROT cooling process were shown in Fig.2.

This mechanical approach is based on the grain refinement mechanism induced by plastic straining to upgrade the overall properties and performance of metallic materials.
A number of preliminary simulations with various mesh sizes have been investigated.

The polycrystalline aggregate is modeled as a collection of a few hundred grains, with the assumption that the strain-rate is uniform in each aggregate.
The total numbers of nodes and elements were 422 and 400, respectively, for a quarter of the blank.

This is so because a number of studies have shown that the “strong network,” comprising those forces having above average magnitudes, has significantly different behavior from the “weak network,” which is made up of those forces having average or below average magnitudes.
Radjai: Powders and Grains Vol.1145 (2009), p. 469

Al atoms were driven to accumulate under the surface film, and the driving force for atomic migration was the gradient of the hydrostatic stress in the grains originated by their anisotropy, where the stress was caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between the Al film and the underlying SiO2 film at high temperature [10].
Consequently, a large number of Al atoms were discharged, resulting in the formation of hillocks after continuous heating.

Another is applied to grain boundary motions, sintering, for example.
Model (9)-(10): (18) (19) Model (11)-(12) : (20) (21) Model (13)-(14): (22) (23) Model (15)-(16): (24) (25) Where , and ,,,., are the number of the interval subdivision for space and time.

This method for synthesis of inorganic materials has a number of advantages over more conventional synthetic procedures.
It is due to the grain growth of TiO2 induced by higher calcinations temperature.

The foam was cut into smaller cube size and was grained using rotor mill to form granulate of 6 mm, 2 mm and 0.50 mm.
The vibration test was measured by using Dynamic Portable Data Logger (Dewetron model number 24070037) and was performed according to ASTM D3580-95 standard test method for vibration in vertical linear motion [10].

With the development of the science and technology and the all works of life, the available number and the forms of the elbows are becoming more, and its procession and usage are also becoming more tough, which requests us to have an exploration and research on the ultra-precision procession in the internal surface of the elbow so as to find an effective method to realize the ultra-precision uniformly procession in the internal surface.
Grinding grain flow of the processing technology and applications[J].

Tab.2 Test conditions for sliding experiments Stroke Dx=0.2mm Frequency =20Hz Force Fn=10N Number of cycles N=100,000 Temperature 25°C The volumetric wear Wv was calculated after each test from the size of the wear scar at the pole of the ball and the planimetric wear of the scar on the disk using Eqs. (1) and (2) Wv, ball= (1) Wv, disk == (2) where d1 is the diameter of the wear scar at the ball, perpendicular to the sliding direction; d2 is the diameter of the wear scar at the ball, parallel to the sliding direction; R is the radius of the curve wear scar, determined from the profile; Wl,ball is the linear wear at the ball; Wl,disk is the linear wear at the disk and Wq is the planimetric wear at the disk.
This cavity has been formed by grain pull out most likely drying the initial wear process.