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It also indicates that the crystal grain of the ring grow up after heat treatment.
SEM photographs of fracture surface of fastener rings Fig.4. radial strain of fasten rings after free recovery at different temperatures 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 R a d i al s t r ai n ε r( % ) Temperature (℃) sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Fig.5. strain recovery ratio of sample 1, 2 and 3 1 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 Strain recovery ratio (%) the number of sample (a) (b) Conclusions After fastener rings are fabricated by TIG welding, when the total strain of fastener rings without heat treatment after welding is 14.2%, the strain recovery begins at 55℃ and completes at 75℃, with the strain recovery ratio be around 79.4%.

Weibull's statistical test was performed according to ASTM S 1161 procedure at the loading speed 0.5 mm/min using an estimator Pi = i/(N + 1), where P is probability; i is specimen number, and N is specimens set size.
SEM observation revealed a mixed trans- and intergranular mode of crack propagation (Fig. 4), so the grain boundaries could suppose to play a dominant role in the initiation of the fracture crack propagation due to the boundary stress corrosion process.

Especially when the measurement of the sample material within the grain size reduced to nano-scale, the Young's modulus, hardness etc. physical quantities have a certain correlation to shape and size of the indenter.
Assume that the indenter and the contact surface of the thin film use frictionless contact condition and the number of atoms in both interface remains the same.

The thickness of Au layer in traditional eutectic bonding of Si-Si is only 500nm, which is required up to 1.5μm in PZT-Si eutectic bonding, because thick Au layer can guarantee the high flatness of the bonding surface for big grain in bulk PZT, thus guaranteeing the strong bond strength.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support by International Cooperation Project from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009DFB10330); Aviation Key Laboratory Foundation (No.20080857002) of China; “Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan” Sponsorship (No.09PJ1406200); National Science Foundation of China (Grant number 60777016); and the Science and Technology Department of Shanghai (No. 08230705500).

Moreover, fly ash with very fine grain size filled in porous structure of marble and thus decreased the permeability of composite materials.
Acknowledgement This work has been supported by DPT (the State Planning Organization of Turkey) under project number 2001K120590.

The most important factors effecting on the solid solution treatment are temperature and time: The temperature is too low to solution sufficiently, while too high, easily result in crystal grain growing and even over-burning, and so is time.
The size, number and distribution of precipitates determined strength.

The mechanism number n is around 0.5, indicating the growth was diffusion control.
Fig. 2 Isothermal grain growth of � -Al2O3 crystallites fits the Ostwald ripening principles.

A B C Figure.1 A: narciclasine, B: lycoricidine,C: pancratistatin Narciclasine Narciclasine, also known as lycoricidinol given it is the 7-hydroxy derivative of lycoricidine, was the first alkaloid of the class isolated in 1967 from Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae species) bulbs based on its inhibition of the growth of wheat grain radicles [5].
In contrast, normal human lung fibroblasts appear to be markedly less sensitive to the molecule with a mean cytotoxic IC50 value (the concentration that reduces by 50% the number of viable cells after 3 days of treatment) of 7.5μM compared to 0.03μM for the six human cancer cell lines [8].The cytotoxic activity of narciclasine was similar in the six cancer cell lines investigated, a feature consistent with NCI data that revealed a mean IC50 value of 0.046μM for the compound across a panel of 60 cancer cell lines, including doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells[9].

The other mixture was produced with the same grain size and the same binder content the only difference was the additive - amide wax (Licomont BS 100) - added into the binder (3% of the binder volume) and working temperatures were decreased by 10 °C.
From the records of the dependence of axial deformation on the number of repeating of the stress, the resistance of the tested mixture to generation of permanent deformations (tracks) is determined.

According to the statistics, in our country the castings made by sand-casting cover more than 80 percent of the total castings so that it consumes a large number of base sands every year and meantime discharges lots of waste sands, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but also wastes the natural resources [2,3].
The average diameters of sands cooled by a common fluidized bed or a water-cooled fluidized bed have been increased instead of being reduced, which is because the fine grains in the sands have been taken off by the cooling air flow in the two conditions of cooling so that the sand average diameter is increased a bit.