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Mechanical Properties.
A number of factors influence the properties of calcium orthophosphate coatings including coating thickness (this will influence coating adhesion and fixation - the agreed optimum now seems to be within 50 - 100 µm), crystallinity (this affects the dissolution and biological behavior), phase purity, chemical purity, porosity and adhesion [206, 211].
Biological materials: structure and mechanical properties.
Novel bioactive materials with different mechanical properties.
Calcium phosphate cement: review of mechanical and biological properties.

The thickness of top and bottom angle steel affects the performance of the joint and the joint has good consuming energy capacity and its strength is high.
However, the mechanical properties of special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular column have been researched by many scholars, the research of the shaped CFST beam-column joints are neglected, particularly its seismic performance.
Curve of the Strength Degradation and Stiffness Degradation The root reason of strength and stiffness degradation is the elastic-plastic properties and cumulative damage of specimen after yielded.
The strength degradation trends of the specimens JD3A, JD3B, JD3C are basically consistent with the bidirectional loading test, and the strength reducing factor is between 0.4 and 1.0, which reduces significantly.
(2) With the thickness of the angle steel and the strength of the high-strength bolts increasing, the ultimate loading and the ductility factor improve.

In some cases these properties are obtained through the combined use of selected polymer matrices and specific nanosized fillers, each of them able to add one of the above functional properties to the final nanostructured material [3-4].
Moreover, because of significant differences amongst substrates characteristics (chemical composition, structure, porosity, physical and mechanical properties), multifunctional materials can be also designed and developed with the aim of being chemically, physically and mechanically compatible with the historic materials.
The research also leads to the definition of the experimental conditions and procedures of accelerated aging tests, used to simulate different degradation factors due to environmental causes on the studied lithotype.
Other authors have demonstrated that temperature variation is one of the main factors that influences the properties and physical integrity of rocks.
Also the product HP-15-02, showed a good compatibility with the studied stone, good photocatalytic properties and the improvement of the surface water repellency property.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the materials that are widely used and debated among researchers for now because of their exceptional mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity.
These excellent properties making CNT a potential advanced nanocomposite doping material with better function comprising their huge surface area, stable arrangement and excellent conductivity to improve the DSSC performance [8, 9].
Several studies have signified the recombination effect as a significant factor that affecting and limiting the photo conversion efficiency of DSSC [12, 13].
The fill factor FF increased about 64 %, 65 % and 69 % for sample (a), (b) and (c), respectively.
[8] Flahaut E, Peigney A, Laurent C, Marliere C, Chastel F, Rousset A (2000) Carbon nanotube-metal-oxide nanocomposites: microstructure, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.

This is due to the strong correlation between the rate of heat extraction and mechanical properties of such components.
This is particularly useful due to microscale transport phenomena in materials processing because changes in microstructure and properties of materials occur at micro or smaller scales [11].
For complete analysis of heat transfer modes contributing to the overall properties of cast structures, radiation heat transfer must be coupled to the already existing and well established conductive-convective modes of heat extraction during solidification of alloys.
Fig. 3: Validation of the current model with the work of Goulart et al. [31] 3 Results and Discussion Al-4.5%Cu binary system was selected for the numerical application for the developed model because the thermo-physical properties of the alloy are readily available in literature [1].
The grid refinement factor for the current work was calculated to be greater than 1.3 as recommended by Celik [27].

All these parameters affect the final surface conditions of the parts finished.
High speed camera setup to measure coefficient of restitution Calculation of model parameters: The spring coefficient, K is calculated from the material and geometric properties of the materials as shown in equations, (2) where, Ri and Rj are the radius of contacts of materials and .
Once the modeling is complete and the contact parameters are determined, the simulation was executed by specifying the simulation parameters such as simulation time, time step of simulation, plot multiplier step factor.
The results of the simulation were affected mainly by these parameters, as these are the basic parameters for any recursive simulation.
If the error is due to that, it can be eliminated by doing more controlled experiments by using mechanical tools for ball release and clamping.

If these problems can’t be treated promptly, it will cause the fracture of the blades and seriously affect the operation of wind turbines and threaten the safety of person.
The wind turbine blades produce the non-stationary time-varying acoustic emission signal during the generation and extension of cracks and the generation of other mechanical failures.
And the blade surface defects can affect the cooling process on the surface.
And it is not affected by the light source power fluctuation and is easy to constitute a distributed sensing network.
And its disadvantage is that the defect display is not intuitive, the difficulty of inspection technique is high, it is easy affected by subjective and objective factors, and the inspection result is not easy to save, etc.

Geothermal processes and polymetallic mineralization in the lake Dojran catchment area could potentially have conferred uniquely beneficial properties on the dark mud lake sediments, possibly such that the latter could be perceived as having healing powers (i.e. peloids) [18].
Finally, the samples were homogenized using a mechanical agate grinder into a fine powder (<63 µm) for subsequent analyses.
Enrichment factor The enrichment factor (EF) is an environmental index indicating the level of sediment environmental contamination.
Conclusion In the present study the mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic properties of of recent surficial sediments from the Lake Dojran and Lake Kalimanci (FYRM) and shells of Anodonta cygnea from Lake Dojran were examined in detail.
Lake Dojran sediments are strongly affected by evaporation effect, defining δ13OSMOW values in sediments closer to marine sediments.

Moreover, considering the mechanical properties of cold-drawn wires, one also has to take into account the internal and residual stresses on macro and micro scale arising during the drawing process.
Finally, all these factors strongly affect the mechanical properties of the cold drawn wires, as their presence may influence dimensional stability and strength, onset of micro cracks and delamination and finally work hardening and strengthening mechanisms in pearlitic steel.
Generally speaking, the basis for the further improvement of the extraordinary mechanical properties of hypereutectoid steel wire (i.e. high strength, acceptable ductility etc.) consists in the full understanding and the eventual control of the evolving microstructure.
In general, it is believed that the released carbon can influence the strength and twisting properties of a pearlitic steel wire [18-21].
Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, London, 1988

In the light of the surface modifications caused by CSP, it is realistic to presume that this process will mainly affect the stages of fatigue damage that correspond to the initiation and propagation of short cracks.
The ratio mi/m1 is the grain orientation factor of the ith grain, which is given as [12]: ( ) i i 1 m = 1 + 0.5ln i for 1 m 3.07 m ≤ ≤ . (2) The grain orientation factor m1 is related to the first grain and mi is the average factor corresponding to other successive grains.
Experimental procedures The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the 2024-T351 are provided elsewhere [15].
Additionally, the difference in workpiece states before peening, specifically workpiece hardness is considered as one of the most important factors [18].
Takahashi: Applicability of fracture mechanics to very small cracks or the cracks in the early stage. in 2nd International conference on mechanical behaviour of materials (ICM2).