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Friction Stir Powder Incremental Forming for Fabrication of Sandwich-Structured Composite of Open-Cell Nickel Foam with Aluminum Ryo Matsumoto1,a*, Harutaka Sakaguchi1,b, Masaaki Otsu2,c and Hiroshi Utsunomiya1,d 1Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan aryo@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, bharutaka.sakaguchi@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, cotsu@u-fukui.ac.jp, duts@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp Keywords: Friction stir process, Incremental forming, Porous metal, Skin surface layer Abstract.
Nakajima, Enhancement of the hardness of lotus-type porous copper by shot peening, Steel Research International, Special Edition (2012) 1215-1218
Utsunomiya, Formation of skin surface layer on aluminum foam by friction stir powder incremental forming, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 99-5-8 (2018) 1853-1861
Wiegmann, Young’s modulus and thermal conductivity of model materials with convex or concave pores – from analytical predictions to numerical results, Journal of the Europian Ceramic Society, 38-7 (2018) 2694-2707
Wiegmann, Young’s modulus and thermal conductivity of closed-cell, open-cell and inverse ceramic foams – model-based predictions, cross-property predictions and numerical calculations, Journal of the Europian Ceramic Society, 38-6 (2018) 2570-2578

Rajkumar4,d 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.K.P Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu - 606 611, India 2Department of Automobile Engineering, Karpaga vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, TamilNadu - 603 308, India 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tagore Engineering College, Chennai, TamilNadu - 600 127, India. 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, TamilNadu - 603 110, India.
These characteristics have made this composite as a very potential material in engineering field.
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Foshan ceramics, 2002.6 (64): 30 -35
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Physical separation methods are mainly applied to materials containing ceramics and plastics.
Vol. 1059, IX International Scientific Practical Conference "Innovative Technologies in Engineering" 24-26 May 2018, Yurga, Russian Federation.
Series: Journal of Physics: Conf.
[16] Darin A.A., Telyakov N.M., Processing of ferromanganese concretions with the use of sulfatising roasting/Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, № 12, V 5, 2017. pp. 1113 -1115
Environmental-Toxicological Characteristics of Waters and Their Sources at Magnitogorsk With the Its Iron and Steel Industry. // In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 142, No. 1, p. 012117).

Fluid saturated poroelastic shell is made of silicon carbide ceramics changing porosity and mean void radius along the shell thickness.
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PREDICTION OF BEST COMBINATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR DETONATION GUN COATING PROCESS THROUGH TAGUCHI TECHNIQUE K.N.Balan1,a*,S.Manimaran2,b,A.JohnRajan3,c,E.V.V.Ramanamoorthy4,d 1* Asst. professor, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. 2PG Scholar, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering., Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. 3Professor Department of Mechanical. and Production Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. 4Head and professor, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
The surface of material or substrate will be enhanced by deposition of coating powders such as metal oxides and ceramics like aluminium oxides, tungsten carbide ,nickel chromium etc by D-spray method that prevents the metal from corrosion and to increase the wear resistance.
International journal of mechanical engineering and robotics research Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013 [2] Thermal Spraying and Performance of Hard Coatings: A Review by Rakesh Goyal, Dr.
Ramanaiah, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 57, August, 2013
[5] SanjeevBhandari, Harpreet Singh, Harmesh Kumar and Vikas Rastogi Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Detonation Gun Spray WC10Co-4Cr coatings on CF8M Steel under hydro accelerated conditions-ASM international MAY 10, 2012

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The cracking occurs due to the high content of ceramic particles, which makes the composite very brittle.
Ti+30 vol.% B4C test seams cracked after deposition due to an exceedingly high content of ceramic phases.
Smugeresky, “Laser engineered net shaping (LENS): A tool for direct fabrication of metal parts,” in Proceedings of the 17th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, ICALEO’ 98, 1998
Levin, “A Novel Approach for the Preparation of B4C-Based Cermets,” International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol. 18, No. 2-3, 2002, pp. 131-135
Bhat, “Preparation of Ti-TiB-TiC & Ti-TiB Composites by in-Situ Reaction Hot Pressing,” Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 325, No. 1-2, 2002, pp. 126-130

CSHA ceramics do not possess rare minerals like Sr, Si, Mg and many others.
For improving the mechanical reliability of HA-ceramics, i.e. to increase their fracture toughness, incorporation of metallic materials, ceramic oxides, whiskers or fibers, have been suggested [4-7].
Oktar, Sintering effect on mechanical properties of composites of natural hydroxyapatites and titanium, Ceramics International 35 (2009) 2965–2971
Haybat, Sintering of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Compacts, Key Engineering Materials Vol. 264-268 (2004) p. 2087-2090
Agathopoulos, Hydroxyapatite nano-barium-strontium-titanium oxide composites, Key Engineering Materials Vol. 484 (2011) p. 204-209