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Comparing with regular crystal materials, nanocrystalline materials have become one of research focus in the field of the nanoscale science and condensed matter physics due to their some excellent properties in optical, electronic, catalytic property, sensitive toughness, magnetic saturation and corrosion resistance.
In these methods, the electrodeposition technology can prepare many kinds of nanocrystalline materials because of its excellent properties [4-8].
The two steps directly affect the size of generated grains in the plating.
The crucial factor is the inconsistency between the diffusion rate of adsorption surface and the reaction rate of charge transfer.
Ebrahimi: The Effect of Deposition Parameters on Tensile Properties of Pulse-Plated Nanocrystalline Nickel［A］.

This increased surface to volume ratio is the important factor for various structural, optical, chemical, magnetic and mechanical properties of the nanomaterials as compared to the corresponding bulk material.
In this method, the concentration of reactant cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate is a key factor affecting the morphology of products.
Transport and magnetic properties have been affected due to the incorporation of NiO into PANI.
Conclusions Oxide nanomaterials due to their improved properties such as high chemical reactivity, transport properties, magnetic properties, and improved mechanical properties find applications in various fields.
Lo, Magnetic nanoparticles: Essential factors for sustainable environmental applications, Water Res. 47 (2013) 2613-2632

Different WAAM process and its properties [10].
The mechanical properties of the WAAM process are comparable to conventional and advanced manufacturing processes [21,22].
Figure 5 illustrates the in-situ alloying of titanium alloys and their mechanical properties.
The parameters, material properties, and process planning have a major influence on the properties and shape of the final WAAM component.
Sutrave, Improving mechanical properties of additive manufactured AZ31 by mechanical rolling, International Journal of Materials Research 114 (2023) 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2022-0354

The magnitude of deformation affects the performance of fabrication hydraulic torque converter and its connection with adjacent parts.
In the actual numerical simulation, by repeatedly adjusting the value of relaxation factor better convergence results are archived.
The pressure is increased by 1.2 times by use of load factor method.
Setting the Property of the Shell Material.
At the same time, it is consistent with that the mechanical structure always leads to the stress concentration at the shape mutation.

For the identification purpose, many works have been done, and many novel specimens designed: Notched round bar (NRB) and the planar simple shear test are proved to be a very efficient way to evaluate the material mechanical properties [7,8].
The experiments conducted, which include: uniaxial tension test (UTT), twin bridge rotation test (TBRT) [13] are used to create the monotonic and cyclic loading paths to determine the elastoplastic properties of DP1000.The pre-notched tensile tests (PNT) and simple shear tests (SST with q=0.0 mm defined in figure 1c) can create various triaxiality ratios for the damage parameters identification in the critical test zones by changing the notch radius (Fig.1).
The related squared error is calculated as below: (13) where is the objective function, are the parameters to be optimized, N denotes the total number of observations (sample points), is the numerically predicted force response, is the corresponding experimental measured response, is residual scale factor, are the weight factors.
The triaxialitiy value actually affects the deformation capability of the sheet.
Tekkaya, A cyclic twin bridge shear test for the identification of kinematic hardening parameters, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 59(2012) 31-43

The second is mechanical disruption, including freeze grinding and hot break.
At the moment, mechanical disruption and electrochemical method are more widely used.
This factor along with high carbon content resulted in the poor quality of the tungsten carbide powder.
Thereby affecting the quality of the tungsten-cobalt alloy
(3) Impurity elements generally existed in the tungsten-cobalt alloy, and they did have a strong impact on mechanical property of the tungsten-cobalt alloy.

Also, the introduction of geometrical imperfection is also considered as a factor that contributes to the energy absorption capacity of thin-walled tubes.
It is apparently shown that geometrical factors have significant influence on the total energy absorbed.This model illustrates the general approach which appears to be the basic platform of many later studies.
Wall thickness and diameter appear to affect the impact response of thin-walled tubes in the form of wall thickness to radius ratio.
The mode of deformation was found mainly depends on diameter to thickness ratio and the material properties.
Based on the equation obtained, it concludes that the mean crushing force of stiffened tubes is highly affected by equivalent plate thickness.

Introduction Grain refinement has attracted much attention for many years in both industrial and academic field since fine, equiaxed grain structures can impart to the castings uniform and improved mechanical properties throughout the material, improved ability to achieve uniformly anodized surface and super plasticity [1-3].
Raghothama Rao, Effect of growth restricting factor on grain refinement of aluminum alloys, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 40 (2009), 234-241
Pearson, Factors affecting grain refinement of aluminum using titanium and boron additives, Metall.
Zouhar, The columnar-to-equiaxed transition in Pb–Sn alloys affected by electromagnetically driven convection, Mater.

The mechanical property of reinforcing steel bar is changed according to the temperature, and the maximum vapor pressure in reinforced concrete is developed near by the reinforcement due to the moisture membrane formed by the obstruction of the passage of moisture by reinforcing bar [4], and the deterioration in the structural performance is affected by the damaged shape of cross-section.
The physical property of PP fiber used in this study is shown in Table 2.
Experimental results and analysis Spalling Property.
This is reasoned that not only the cross sectional reduction by the mass loss but also other factors such as the exposure of main re-bars, the spalling pattern and the localized cross sectional damage have influenced the residual axial strength of the reinforced columns. 2.
Concrete at High Temperatures: Material Properties and Mathematical Models, Prentice Hall, 1996

Furthermore, because of their remarkable insulating and dielectric properties, plastics are widely utilized in the electrical and electronics sectors [1, 2].
Additionally, the two most important factors influencing the exact composition of each product type are temperature and the kind of PW to be pyrolyzed [39].
Okuma, Numerical Optimization of the Input Factors and Responses of an Experimental Design Reinforce PVC Composite, J.
Samin, Effects of plastic waste materials on geotechnical properties of clayey soil.
Onyeagoro, The effect of Kankara zeolite-Y-based catalyst on some physical properties of liquid fuel from mixed waste plastics (MWPs) pyrolysis, Polym.