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The Si3N4 ceramics has optimum complex of properties for this application: high strength, hardness, oxidation resistance, thermal conductivity and resistance to thermal shocks [2].
The main reason of this effect is that a coated ceramic tool becomes a complex system «ceramics – coating», where each element has its own physical, mechanical and thermal properties.
Such affect is not characteristic for cracks growth in the single-layered coatings TiC and TiN.
But, on the other side, the high local stresses can be formed on the coating – substrate interface because of difference of their properties [5].
The wear mechanism of coated Si3N4 ceramic inserts depends on the operational loads, properties and structure of the coating and is based on the periodic fracture of coating and сhipping of ceramic surface layer within areas of its contact with the chip and the workpiece material.

In most cases these technological processes are accompanied by adding refractory compounds to a liquid melt in order to improve physical and mechanical properties of the coatings under formation [1-3].
Increasing the electron beam cladding velocity resulted in structural changes in the coating which affected positively the microhardness level of the material.
Cladding at high velocities was found as an efficient technological factor which allowed increasing mechanical properties of modified materials significantly.
Kuzmin, Structure and properties of self-fluxing coating, obtained by air-plasma spraying, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 698 (2015) 405-410
Perovskaya, Structure and properties of coatings, containing chrome, obtained by non-vacuum electron beam cladding at the air atmosphere, Met.

More importantly, cast-in-place concrete construction is significantly affected by the weather condition.
To maximize the use of the space truss, the opening between the structural members can be used for the placement of the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) systems.
Tension capacity was checked using the factored tensile resistance, Tr, while the compression capacity of elements was checked by the factored compression resistance, Cr.
The Matlab code explore the structural design with different design variables, including element properties and the spacing between elements.
Given common input for truss system, like material property, member specification and support condition; 3.

Research on Control Power and Self-sensing Technology for GMM Self-sensing Actuator Wang Xinhua1,a, Hu Shouqiang1,b, Ya Qianyi2,c, Sun Shuwen1,d, Cao Xiuxia1,e 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China 2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, China a wangxinhua@bjut.edu.cn, blanpinguo1985@126.com, cyaqianyi2002@yahoo.com, d sshwen@bjut.edu.cn, ecaoxiuxiayjs@emails.bjut.edu.cn Keywords: GMM self-sensing actuator; self-sensing signals; voltage power; self-adaptive circuit; Abstract.
The GMM has properties of large strain value high energy density, large coupling coefficient, low sound velocity and high Curie temperature.
Structure and Working Principle Based on excellent properties of new type functional material GMM, especially self-sensing characteristics, diphase oppositing giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is put forward, as shown in the Fig. 1.
Based on electro-mechanical model of self-sensing GMM actuator, the relationship between the output voltage Vout and the induced voltage Vm is obtained by method of the bridge connection analytic of Jon Pratt and Alison B.
U2, U6 and U7 are the co-current proportion enlargement circuit, whose enlargement factor is obtained by n =1+RiB/RiA (i=1,2,3) (4) Fig. 6 the self-sensing signal decoupling circuit U2 is used to amplify the output signal of U1.

Tab.3 is the guaranteed value of mechanical and SSC properties of H2S-resistant oil tube and casing in Baosteel.
Fig.4 is the statistical data of mechanical properties of BG110SS.
Research shows some factors e.g. steel purity, P and S content, carbon equivalence, the ratio of Ca/S, and especially band microstructure segregation greatly affect the HIC resistance properties [5].
Precise control of alloy addition limits the chemical composition in a rather narrow range, thus minimize the fluctuation of mechanical properties
The second stage of 1995-1999 solved the problem of stability of mechanical properties of line pipe in large scale production.

For that a test contains m factors are X1，X2，…，Xm, the UD design processes are as follows: (1) Determine the range of each factor [Ximin , Ximax] (i=1，2，, …, m), where Ximin and Ximax represent the possible minimum and maximum values of the factor in number i
(2) According to the possible test number, get the each factor divided into n level figures, if equally, . (1) (3) Match the levels and the factors by the UD table.
These properties make the SVM an excellent machine learning algorithm based on database [8].
Divide the factors into 2 sets, let the row distance, the embed length of the front pile as a set, and the rest consist of the other one according to the practical situation to merge the levels.
In the optimal and the experiment design processes, this article took into account the critical factors and ignored the secondary causes to reduce the test number and promote the efficiency.

These previous results indicate that solvent composition is an important factor that affects the properties of bone replacement materials.
In this study, silk fibroin (SF), a biopolymer, was chosen in combining with HA to form the HA/SF composite due to its biocompatibility, slow degradability and excellent mechanical properties [14].
The purpose of this work is to prepare the HA composites using sol-gel method with the addition of SF aiming to improve their physical properties which may be suitable for using as bone replacement material.
Oyane, Effect of coprecipitation temperature on the properties and activity of fibroblast growth factor-2 apatite composite layer, Mater.
Xiao, Effects of solvent on properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite produced from hydrothermal process, J.

Introduction The relationship between mechanical deformation and thermal energy in an elastic solid is known as the thermoelastic effect [1].
The well-known equation that related the thermoelastic signal, S, to the stresses was first suggested by Stanley and Chan in 1985 [2] in the following form: (2) where A is a calibration constant that takes into account the specimen material properties and the detector properties.
It was found that the thermoelastic response was affected by a number of factors, which included the volume fraction, the thermoelastic properties of the micro-constituent materials, the orientations of the laminae within the laminate, and the orientation of the lamina on the surface.
This has allowed for a certain class of material for the stress change to be decoupled from the material properties and for stresses to be evaluated.
On the thermoelastic properties of matter, Q.J.

However, in recent years with the sharp increase of overloading transfinite and the influence of other comprehensive factors such as temperature and humidity, the bridge pavement has been damaged seriously, which affects the highway’s traffic capacity.
The surfacing layer destruction is the major factor of the early disease to the bridge.
The Bridge Deck Waterproof Layer’s Property and Classification.1)The Bridge Deck Waterproof Layer’s Property :Existing research results both at home and abroad show that bridge deck waterproof layer usually has to withstand high stress and should have the following properties.
The spraying of asphalt and perfuming of macadam adopt special large mechanical equipment with a high degree of automation.
The process to the concrete bridge deck surface and the distribution of SBS modified asphalt waterproof and premixed macadam affect the construction quality and function of the waterproof bonding layer directly.

It is known that many factors influencing concrete strength also influence pulse velocity [13].
One factor is the type of cement affects the pulse velocity and it affects the compressive strength of the concrete.
The physical properties of the materials are shown in Table (1).
The speed of these waves depends on the elastic properties of the medium, so that, knowing the values of sound and the mass of the solid, one can estimate the elastic properties of the medium, which are be related to the quality parameters of the material [22].
Er depends on the degree of porosity and degree of pore saturation, both properties that depend on the water/cement ratio and mixture compaction.