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However, since the underwater acoustic transponder is made of conventional piezoelectric ceramic with the nonlinear response, we designed a kind of hydroacoustic transponder based on laser interferometer.
It is based on the principle of laser interferometry to detect weak signals, avoiding the non-linear response of the inherent piezoelectric ceramics, with a wide detection range and high precision.
The power amplifier changes the frequency signal into sine wave signal and makes amplification on the sine wave which is used to control the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and then modulates the intensity of the interference pattern.
The pulse-back module consists of the automatically adjusting gain module, transmitter module and a piezoelectric ceramic.
Journal of Basic Engineering, 1960 82 (1): 35–45

Introduction Barium hexaferrite attracts the interest of the scientists in the last decades due to the possibility of using it for different electronic application, especially in engineering [1-6].
Hou, Effect of heat treatment on the structure of M-Type BaFe12O 19 hollow ceramic microspheres prepared by self-reactive quenching technology and microwave absorption properties, Journal of Materials Science. 48(16) (2013) 5664-5672
Baykal, Effect of temperature on magnetic properties of BaYxFe12 −xO19 hexaferrites, Ceramics International, 42(14) (2016) 16296-16302
Zha, Yu Tian, Determining the complex permittivity of powder materials from 1-40GHz using transmission-line technique, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. (2013) 1380-1382
Afsar, Complex permittivity and permeability of hexaferrite and carbonyl iron powders using rectangular waveguide technique from 8-40GHz, IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2005

Davies, Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications: Turbines, Bearings, Sealing, Dams and Waterways, and Ocean Power, Engineering 8 (2022) 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.025
Wazed Ali, A critical review on lead-free hybrid materials for next generation piezoelectric energy harvesting and conversion, Ceramics International 47 (2021) 16402–16421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.054
Damjanovic, Transferring lead-free piezoelectric ceramics into application, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 35 (2015) 1659–1681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.12.013
Zhang, Polyaniline/ZnO heterostructure-based ammonia sensor self-powered by electrospinning of PTFE-PVDF/MXene piezo-tribo hybrid nanogenerator, Chemical Engineering Journal 496 (2024) 154226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154226
Kumar, Structural, vibrational, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of Bi 1−x Ba x FeO 3 nanoparticles, Ceramics International 39 (2013) 6399–6405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.01.066

Gu 1, Hai-Cheng Guo 1, Ai-Kah Soh 2,Dai-Ning Fang1，b 1 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong a bin-wang02@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn， b fangdn@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Key-words: truss-core; actuator; ultra-light; optimal analysis, cylinder Abstract.
Introduction In the aerospace engineering, in order to reduce weight, structural materials are used to mainly satisfy the mechanical requirements of structural strength and stiffness.
And the brittleness of the piezoelectric ceramic is avoided.
[2] Gardonio P: Journal of Aircraft, 2002, 39 (2) :206 -214
International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation, 2006, 7(4):393-398 [14] RA Y M C.: A IAA Jour2nal, 1998, 36 (12) : 2204-2207

Copper metal-matrix composites with reinforcing ceramic particles such as oxide, borides, and carbides in the copper matrix were developed as electrode materials because the ceramic particles are stable at high temperatures [1-6].
Electrical conductivity expressed in %IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) was measured by a conductivity meter (Fischer, SIMASCOPE® SMP10).
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Acknowledgement The authors wish to acknowledge their appreciation to the School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, the School of Material Engineering, and the School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis for the use of the facilities and also to RAGS 9018-00069 for the financial support.
Rayalu: Journal of Hazardous Materials(2012)
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Numerical Simulation of Granite on Pre-stressed Machining by Discrete Element Method (DEM) Yong Ye1, a , Liang Kang2, b 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China 2 Department of Business Administration, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China arichard12@163.com, bmarilyn8311@163.com Keywords: Granite, Pre-stressed machining, Crack, Discrete element method, Simulation Abstract.
Plasma arc cutting process for engineering ceramics [J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2002, 38(supp1): 73-75.
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Jayaprakash, Some Studies on Wear and Corrosion Properties of Al5083/Al2O3/Graphite Hybrid Composites, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 11 (2012) 695-703
Subramanian, Wear behavior of eutectic Al- Si alloy-graphite composites fabricated by combined modified two-stage stir casting and squeeze casting methods, Advances in materials science and engineering 2013 (2013) 1- 8
Muthusamy, A review on machining and tribological behaviours of aluminium hybrid composites, Procedia Engineering 38 (2012) 1399 - 1408
Auradi, Preparation and evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of 6061Al reinforced with graphite particulate metal matrix composite, International Journal of Metallurgical & Materials Science and Engineering 2 (2012) 85-95
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Kulekci: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.42 (2002), pp.1297-1306
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