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Razif2 1Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia 2 Applied Chemistry Division, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 1E-mail : ahmadazrem@unimap.edu.my Keywords: styrene butadiene rubber, recycled chloroprene rubber, curing charcteristics, physical properties, SEM This research deals with the effects of different fillers of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber/carbon black (SBR/CRr/CB) blends and styrene butadiene rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber/calcium carbonate (SBR/CRr/CaCO3) blends on cure characteristics, hardness and crosslink density.
They include particle size, particle shape, particle dispersion, surface area, surface reactivity, structure of the filler and the bonding quality between the filler and the rubber matrix [2].

Previous research on hexagonal lattice structures has focused on their network structure, electronic properties, optical behaviors, and bandgap energy.
(a) The optimized structure was relaxed at ideal conditions, (b) Phonon spectrum of the CF monolayer structure.
Fig. 1 (a) illustrates the atomic structure of the CF monolayer structure at ideal conditions, with forces smaller than 10-6 Ry/a.u. and stress satisfying the condition of less than 5.10-2 GPa.
According to Born's criteria for hexagonal structures, a structure is considered stable if it satisfies C11 > |C12| > 0 and C66 > 0 [15].
Otyepka, Chemistry, properties, and applications of fluorographene, Appl Mater Today 9 (2017) 60–70

The C-S-H gel consists of short chain silicates that are retained by calcium oxide and water entrapped by the structure.
It should be noted that there is virtually no information offered in the literature concerning the structure of other crystal lattices amounting to 100, as reported by Gadde [18].
The full description of the structure and properties of cements by Richardson’s models or combinatorial techniques implies the use of the structural fragments consisting of several hundreds of atoms.
Taylor, Cement Chemistry, second ed., Thomas Telford, London, 1997
Gadde, Effect of Hydration and Confinement on Micro-Structure of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate Gels, MS Thesis, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 2017

Their unique two-dimensional (2D) structure provides a large surface area and their composition can be tailored to suit different applications.
In Fig. 2(a), the NiCo2O4 exhibits like a cactus flower structure.
When zoomed in, as shown in Fig. 2(b), the structure appears like a sea-urchin, formed by the assembly of nanoneedles.
Upon introducing NiCoFe-LDH, the NiCoFe-LDH nanosheets are cross-linked and dispersed within the hierarchical flower structures of NiCo2O4 nanosheets.
Gao, 3D core-shell structured NiFe layered double hydroxide with NiCo2O4 as an efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 166 (2022) 110730

AAO is the self-organized porous alumina produced by anodizing aluminum and can also be seen as nanotube arrays with honeycomb-like structures.
Currently, nanotechnology research focuses more on controlling and enhancing the fabrication of functional nanoscale structures and devices.
One of the significant properties of self-assembly is its ability to manufacture a uniform structure over a large area using low-cost chemical and biological processes.
AAOs with a unique and specific nano array structure have received much attention recently due to their potential application in industry sectors.
Martín-González, “Revisiting anodic alumina templates: From fabrication to applications,” 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. doi: 10.1039/d0nr07582e

Based on these findings, the synthesized nano-structured composites represent promising candidates for the development of new biomaterials usable in hard tissue regeneration.
The polymer matrix may act as a binder between inorganic nanoparticles preventing structure breakdown under mechanical load.
Results and discussion Chemistry of composite formation.
Macropores with diameters ranging from 50 - 300 µm are observed forming an inter-connecting structure.
The addition of water and (NH4)2CO3 to the original composite mixture enables the formation of in situ foaming porous materials with porosities up to 78 % and an inter-connective pore structure.

The melted zone of a single laser track exhibits a mixed structure of dendritic, cellular and equiaxed austenite while the overlapped melted zone is only composed of austenitic dendrites.
The structure after LSM can be conventionally divided into three zones, namely, the melted zone (MZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the substrate.
Microstructural examination of the MZ shows a complex solidification structure.
The solidification structure of the MZ depends upon the degree of constitutional supercooling.
Fig. 2a shows a coarse cellular/dendritic structure at the interface becoming finer on going further into the central region (Fig.2b).

Study on the Coupling Behaviour of Microwave Absorption for Sulphide Concentrate Qiuhong Mo1,a, Xianwen Zhou2,b, Xiujuan Su1,c ,Chunlin He3,d 1College of Resource and Metallurgy, Guangxi University,Nanning 530004, PR China 2Guangxi Gold Adminsitration Bureau, Nanning 530023, PR China 3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
But these basic data varies in practice due to the variation of molecular structure, overall dimension, and electromagnetic parameter of the mineral.

Magnesium oxide (MnOOH), the precursor (Li1.6Mn1.6O4) and the lithium ion-sieve were prepared successively, and their structure and properties were characterized with AAS, XRD and SEM.
References [1] Ji Zhiyong, Xu Changchun, Yuan Junsheng, et al.: Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, Vol.24(2005),p.1336 [2] Ramesh chitrakar, Hirofumi Kanoh, Yoshitaka Miyai, et al.: Industry and Engineering of Chemical Research, Vol.40(2001),p.2054 [3] Lu Wang, Wei Ma, Ru Liu, et al.: Solid State Ionics, Vol.177(2006)p.1421 [4] YongCai Zhang, Hao Wang, Bo Wang, et al.: Materials Research Bulletin, , Vol.37(2002)p.1411 [5] Ramesh Chitrakar, Hirofumi Kanoh, Yoshitaka Miyai, et al.: Chemical Materials, Vol.12(2000)p.3151 [6] JI Zhi-yong, YUAN Jun-sheng, LI Xin-gang: Chemical Engineering, Vol.35(2007) p.9 [7] Ramesh Chitrakar, Kohji Sakane, Aya Umeno, et al.: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol.169 (2002), p.66

Researches on purification and sodium-modification of Ca-bentonite by tri-roller grinder Bingbing Zhang1, a, Mingyue Miao1, b, Jing Bai1, c, Guangjin Yuan1, d, Yanyan Jia1, e, Zhexiang Han1, f, Zhiguo Zhao1, g and Haiquan Su1, h * 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China aemail: imuzhangbb@163.com, bemail: 18947106163@qq.com, cemail: 1163480068@qq.com, demail: 576319647@qq.com, eemail: 1512533822@qq.com, femail: 178190593@qq.com, gemail: 185553717@qq.com, hemail: haiquansu@yahoo.com Keywords: Ca-bentonite; tri-roller grinder; sodium modification; Na-montmorillonite Abstract.
The morphology and structure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).