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Sukumar et al. [1], applied extended finite element method for the crack propagation simulation of brittle materials.
The earliest concept of the cohesive zone modeling was proposed by Barenlatt [5] to research ideal brittle materials.
Dugdale, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 8 (1960) 100–104
Gallerneau, Internatioanl Journal of Fatigue 31 (2009) 868–879
Webster, Journal of Materials Science 20 (1985) 2471–2476

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a widely used processing route for synthesis of a variety of advanced materials included nano-structured materials, amorphous materials, and ceramic materials powders with higher activity by mechanically ball milling.
Liu: Progress in Materials Science, 42 (1997) 177-192
Jin-Chun: Journal of Materials Science, 44 (2009) 2700-2704
Kim: Materials Science and Engineering: A, 449–451 (2007) 1119-1122
Ranganathan: Journal of Materials Science, 28 (1993) 6091-6095.

Self-compacting rock-filled concrete combines the advantages of two materials and becomes a new type.
Experimental materials.
The materials needed in the experiment are shown in table1.
Journal of Building Materials,2008, vol2:206-211(in Chinese) [6]Parra, C., Valcuende, M., Gómez, F. 
Construction and Building Materials, v 25, n 1, p 201-207, January 2011 [7]Sukumar, Binu , Nagamani, K.

The corrosion in boiler tube material will reduces the steam temperature and thermal efficiency of the boiler [2].
The important things to be careful after material coating selection is selecting appropriate proportions coating system as well as correct composition of coating material.
Experimental Boiler tubes material as a substrate are chromium-molybdenum steels in accordance with the standard ASTM A213 T91, with dimension 95 x 35 mm.
References [1] N.Poyyamozhi, Effect of Plasma Sprayed Metal Matrix Composite Coating on Performance of IC Engine, International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJJME-IJENS Vol:15 No:03, April 2015, pp. 37- 43 [2] Goyal, Khushdeep, et.al Current Status of Thermal Spray Coatings for High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Boiler Steel, Journal of Material & Metallurgical Engineering Vol:6, Issue 1, 2016, pp 29-35
The direct laser deposition of AISI 316 stainless steel and Cr3C2 powder, University of Malta, Malta, 2009 [8] N.M Vaxevanidis, D.E.Manolakos, G.P.Petropoulos, Surface Integrity and Tribological Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings on Steel and Aluminum Substrates, Tribology in industry, Volume 26, No.1&2, 2004, pp 42-47 [9] Rajendra.S.K, Ramesha.C.M, A Survey of Al7075 Aluminium metal matrix composites, International Journal of Science and Research (ISJR) Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2015, pp 1071-1075

Langdon, Influence of stacking fault energy on microstructural development in equal-channel angular pressing, Journal of Materials Research 14 (1999) 4044-4050
Zhang, Influence of stacking-fault energy on the accommodation of severe shear strain in Cu-Al alloys during equal-channel angular pressing, Journal of Materials Research 24 (2009) 3636-3646
Varyukhin, Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation, NATO science series, 2006
Adams, Electron Back scatter Diffraction in Materials Science, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2000
Langdon, Microstructure and properties of a CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing, Materials Science & Engineering A (2017) 411-419

By using 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel as test material, the paper analyses the microstructure of the joint.
Korkut: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Dickinson: Welding Journal.
Sekhar: Science and Technology of Welding and Joining.
Farias, et al: Materials Charaterization.

Polyamide amine (PAMAM) is a typical kind of dendrimers which makes it possible for a wide range of applications in biological medicine and material science [2].
The researches of this ligand in the fields of organic carrier catalyst, pharmaceutical carrier, nanometer material [6,7] and optical materials [8,9] have proven to be of great interest in recent years.
Science in China (series B).
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.

The concrete is fabricated by utilizing the crude materials, for example, lime stone, mud and different minerals by obtaining them by quarrying process which like wise causes ecological de basement[5].
To create 1 ton of bond, around 1.6 tons of crude materials are required and the time taken to frame the lime stone is any longer than the rateat which people utilize it[6].
When planning and indicating concrete for quality and toughness, the best possible choice of constituent materials relies upon the introduction conditions, kind of structure and proposed utilize shown in figure 1[13].
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(12), 2015, pp. 12595-12601.
Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 263, (2017) 032012

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 43, 79–86
Journal of Composite Materials, 48, 843–851
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 33, 754–778
Composites Science and Technology, 167, 379–387
Journal of Composite Materials, 002199832311544

Characterized parameters remained unchanged for cyclic steady materials, that was stable deformation.
It seemed to quickly reach a steady state for hardening and soft materials, the only reason was that cyclic deformation curve produced change, and the deformation process kept unstable[4] .
Journal of Structural Engineering , 1992, 118 (3) : 684-700
[7] F.C.Wang,J.T.Feng,Y.P.Zhao:The head-on colliding process of binary liquid droplets at low velocity:High-speed photography experiments and modeling[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2008 , 326(1) :196-200
Journal of Sound and Vibration , 2007 , 308(3-5) :548-56