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However, the e-beam usually drift from its intended position under the influence of a variety of environmental factors such as temperature gradients, mechanical vibration, residual magnetism in the stage or charging, etc.
Many standard processes such as reactive-ion etching, sputtering, or those requiring elevated temperatures cannot be used as the SPLEBL's grid fabrication for that they may alter the properties of the e-beam resist.
Although high-atomic-number metals having high SE yield, they shouldn't be used as grid materias for that they cause significant forward scattering of the e-beam, and adversely affect the exposure result.
The wavelength used was 325 nm, which does not affect most e-beam resists.
Third, local random fluctuations in duty ratio or the positions of elements of the fiducial grid do not affect the detection accuracy as these fluctuations are averaged out by the algorithm as well.

Combining with previous experiments, three levels of the chosen six factors in the orthogonal experiment were determined.
Ranges of these six factors were 1700～2300 W, 4～5 mm·s-1, 20～30 g·min-1, 40～60 A, 300～500 Hz and 80～120 μs, respectively.
Zhang, Effect of applied angle on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser clad 3540 Fe/CeO2 coating assisted by in-situ ultrasonic vibration, Mater.
Ban, Effect of alternating current electric field on microstructure and properties of laser cladding Ni–Cr–B–Si coating, Ceram.
Li, Microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi coating assisted by electromagnetic-ultrasonic compound field, Surf.

Introduction This paper studies the mechanicals of FRP by means of experiment.
It will lead to the loss of physical and mechanical property.
That is, corrosion seriously affects the durability of concrete structures.
But the components of resin are still the factor that affects the young’s modular.

Combinating the nitriding with hardening allows us raising fatigue strength by factor exceeding 2, Table 1.
Nominal tensile strength raises from 420 ± 20 to 930 ± 50 MPa and does not affect the toughness of the material in comparison with the traditional method of heat treatment.
Dependences of the strength properties on the electrolyte composition and temperature of heating were not found.
Moreover, the operating modes and electrolyte compositions for anodic PEC of the low-carbon steels that ensured the roughness decreasing from 1.2 mm to 0.15 mm with the rising of detail corrosion resistance are investigated The proposed technology allows rising the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of steel detail with the hardened surface area up to 50 cm2.
Mukhacheva, Effect of Compositions of Active Electrolytes on Properties of Anodic Carburization, Prot.

Research on the Inspection Information Extraction from 3D Models of Sheet Metal Parts by the Photoelectric Equipments Liwei Zhao1, a, Dong Wang2,b, Bo Hao3,c and Li He1,4,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University.
Although the concept of the digitization has gone deep into mechanical manufacturing industry, but lots of investigation indicate that the application of digitized inspection is still in attempt stage.
The sheet metal parts will deform because of their own weight, and the deformation will be aggravated when the measuring head contacts the sheet metal parts .It is the main factor that restricts adopting the high-precision digital equipments for inspecting, such as the three coordinates measuring machine.
Because the photoelectric equipments do not touch the parts during inspection, the thin-walled parts can be inspected by these equipments and the inspection accuracy does not be affected.
parts of the interface (CATIPrtContainer*) spInitOnDoc->GetRootContainer("CATIPrtContainer"); // A pointer Point to the root directory CATICkeParmFactory_var spCkeFact=spPartConatiner; //Define an interface is able to generates Variables and relationships if(spCkeFact==NULL_var) {cout<<"spCkeFact==NULL_var"<properties begin to show ****** number :"<= 1; j--) // To do a loop, { // Get the parameter from the list CATICkeParm_var spParm = list[j]; // Can define a variable management parameters, if(spParm == NULL_var) continue; CATUnicodeString pathName = spParm->Pathname(); // The establishment of a standard code string, Assigned spParm if(j==list.Size()-4) { CATICkeInst_var oValue = spParm->Value(); // Define a parameter

Besides the study on strength properties and mechanism of the reinforced soil (Haeri et al. 2000, Michalowski 2004), the influence of the kinds of reinforcement materials and reinforcing styles on strength has been investigated.
The corresponding safety factors and factored shear strength parameters of soil are presented in Table 3.
Furthermore, the structure has a smallest safety factor in horizontal reinforcing case, while it has greater safety factors in horizontal-vertical and joint frame reinforcing cases.
Safety factors and factored shear strength parameters of the soil Items Safety factor sF Factored cohesion fc (kPa) Factored internal friction angle fϕ �r) Horizontal reinforcing 1.43 21.0 17.5 Horizontal-vertical reinforcing 1.69 17.8 14.8 Joint frame reinforcing 1.81 16.6 13.8 Conclusions In this paper a new concept of soil reinforced with three-dimensional reinforcing elements has been proposed.
Effect of geotextile reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour of sands.

The structure of final diffusion layers is also affected by the regimes of these preliminary treatments.
The latter are complicated multicomponent composites including materials with different mechanical and physical properties, and their fabrication is a high-technological process, various factors of which (manufacturing route, wire design, doping, heat treatment schedules, etc.) play a great role in the structure obtained and, consequently, in their current-carrying capacity.
Specimens for TEM studies were prepared as thin foils of longitudinal sections of rods and wires by mechanical thinning and further chemical etching.

Additionally, ionic liquids process distinctive properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, good thermal stability, no corrosion, no crystallization and favorable solvating properties [5], which makes ionic liquids to be excellent alternatives for the traditional absorbent in absorption refrigeration.
As the further increase of Tgas,in, the positive factor is gradually weakened, but the negative factors are gradually enhanced, which causes that the positive factor is gradually offset by the negative factors and the COP tends to level off.
When the COP reaches the maximum value, the positive factor is just completely offset by the negative factors.
The reason is that the increase of Tchilled,in enhances the above mentioned negative factors.
The thermodynamic properties of [mmim]DMP/CH3OH were calculated with the modified UNIFAC model and the Wilson model.

An important part of the numerical simulation is the grid which the quality has great influence on the calculation precision, and also the influence often is crucial factor in most of situation.
Because of the limitation of the multiphase fluid, the meshing technique may affect the calculation results, such as the clarity of capture interface and the difference of numerical mechanical property caused by mesh quality of the body surface.

Studies showed that the density and arrangement of active nanomaterial affect the performance of the Li-ion cell in addition to the size, structure, and composition.
It also affects the cyclic stability of the designed structure.
The electrochemical properties and cyclic behavior of fabricated coin cells were then investigated using Biologic VMP3 at room temperature.
Cyclic voltammetry profiles reveal the sharp lithiation/delithiation peaks for silicon which concludes TiO2 layer has transpirable properties which supports the exchange of lithium ions.
In comparison with bare silicon, Si@TiO2 improves the capacity retention with the 2x factor.