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With the deepening of understanding of sand liquefaction.Engineering practice of vibration on the estimation of the probability of getting more important.In various ways,but Because of differences conditions,Different methods gets the conclusion may be inconsistent.Any method should be combined with the actual engineering.Data display,Commonly used in engineering method: Wave velocity method, critical void ratio method, vibration and stability of density method, standard blasting settlement method.Static cone penetration test method.Critical vibration acceleration method.Critical standard penetration number method,Liquefaction shear stress method, comprehensive index method and statistical method.
Fig. 4 A tangshan earthquake liquefaction spray take sand phenomenon Although the number of liquefaction of sandy soil will bring huge losses, but not all, of the liquid to take immediate measures to deal with, because some liquefied and won't endanger buildings.
Table 2 Saturated Sand Liquefaction prevention measures Saturated sand liquefaction prevention measures and the corresponding description Nature Measure Method Description Principle Total elimination Deep base The depth of the underside of the foundation under the liquefied soil Increases based puzzle set depth, and a corresponding increase in foundation sand liquefaction resistance Encryption Encryption method using vibro compaction sand pile, direct vibration the tantric and explosions encryption foundation reinforcement Change Liquefied Liquefied Foundation Dynamic Compaction 8 ~ 40 T 8 ~ 40 M at the free-fall drop hammer to lay a solid foundation Reduce soil compression to improve liquefaction conditions Vibroflotation The loose sand grains rearrange dense vibration hole to fill in the aggregate Increase foundation density and relative density, improve the anti-liquefaction performance Dig-for Liquefied soil dredged and non-liquefied soil replacement Remove liquefied origin Partially

Polished sections for further studies were made on sandpaper of various grain sizes, with a 900 angle change of grinding direction each time the sandpaper was changed.
180 Cr Ccr = -3E-07qef 2 - 0,0018qef + 20,16 R² = 0,9407 Ni CNi = -2E-08qef 2 + 9E-05qef + 0,2679 R² = 0,8005 Mn CMn = -4E-09qef 2 + 6E-05qef + 0,291 R² = 0,9739 OK 61.30 VDU- 506 Cr Ccr = 3E-07qef 2 - 0,0017qef + 20,94 R² = 0,9801 Ni CNi = 2E-07qef 2 - 0,0009qef + 10,653 R² = 0,9569 Mn CMn = -5E-08qef 2 + 0,0003qef + 0,428 R² = 0,997 Handy TIG 180 Cr Ccr = -5E-07qef 2 + 0,0014qef + 18,391 R² = 0,869 Ni CNi = 3E-07qef 2 - 0,0012qef + 10,793 R² = 0,9282 Mn CMn = -5E-09qef 2 + 8E-05qef + 0,6787 R² = 0,8945 OZL - 8 VDU- 506 Cr Ccr = 3E-07qef 2 - 0,0012qef + 18,269 R² = 0,9901 Ni CNi = 4E-07qef 2 - 0,002qef + 11,124 R² = 0,984 Mn CMn = -6E-07qef 2 + 0,0026qef - 0,8583 R² = 0,9469 Handy TIG 180 Cr Ccr = 3E-07qef 2 - 0,0007qef + 17,56 R² = 0,9042 Ni CNi = 1E-06qef 2 - 0,0052qef + 14,998 R² = 0,9998 Mn CMn = -6E-08qef 2 + 0,0008qef + 0,2621 R² = 0,9165 When the amperage is increased to 120 A while using an inverter power source, a significant reduction in electrode consumption and in the number
In particular, the number of electrodes to fill the joint reduced to 5 against 7 used when welding with a VDU-506 electronic arc welder.

First is ensuring satisfactory dimensions of specimens, in order to obtain independent information on the particularities of different crystalline grains of the material and a high precision displacement measurement.
(1) where n is the total number of links (including the referential one), C5 is the number of joints (all of them with one degree of freedom).

TEM analyses show no relevant changes in the sample morphology but a small reduction of the carbon clusters number without ripening effect of clusters itself and an almost indistinguishable smoothing effect of Ni2Si grains contours at higher temperatures.
Measurements were done on a large number of devices, but for brevity in Fig. 3 only the forward and reverse characteristics of a typical device are reported.

Rapeseed oil was provided by Dantu grain and oil chemical plant, China. -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) was obtained from China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation.
Fig. 2 The gas chromatogram of RME Table 1 Main chemical composition of RMEa RME Weight percent (%) RME Weight percent (%) C14:0 0.33 C16:1 0.44 C16:0 9.35 C18:1 40.33 C18:0 3.51 C20:1 3.05 C20:0 0.79 C22:1 6.95 C22:0 0.49 C18:2 25.25 C24:0 0.22 C18:3 7.38 aCm:n is shorthand of fatty acid methyl ester. m is the number of carbon atom in fatty acid group. n is the number of double bond.

The abrasive powder is W10 with primary mean grain size of 8.1 32OAL mμ .
L Numerical formula is defined in Eq.3 ∑ −− = + − = 1 0 ,2,1 1 )( rN n rnn xy YY rN rhR （ m r ...,3,2,1,0= ； ） (3) Nm < Where r is horizontal displacement number, is maximal transverse displacement number, is sampling capability, h is sampling spacing, and are profile height in n and m Y1 N n, rnY +,2 rn + location, respectively.

(1) Here, ε& denotes the applied strain rate, A is a constant (~10), D is a diffusivity pertinent to the dynamic process which limits the rate at which strain concentrations due to grainboundary/interface sliding are relaxed, G = the shear modulus, k = Boltzmann's constant, b = length of the Burgers vector, T = test temperature, d = the grain diameter, n (=1/m) is the stress exponent of the strain rate, and p is the grain-size exponent of the strain rate.
In making this graph, the grain size exponent p was taken to be 2 (per previous work [9]), and n was assumed to be 1.67 (i.e., m = 0.6).
Flow-localization-model predictions showing the effect of (a) number of specimen slices and (b) values of m and fo on stress-strain behavior.

According to their study, CIRCLY resulted in a lower number of allowable repetitions based on Austroads recommended loading.
For the subgrade soil, which consists of fine grain soil, a bilinear model of Thompson and Robnett [26] is one the most acceptable models.
This bilinear equation models the softening behavior of fine grain subgrade and can be written as follow: (4) where: K1,K2,K3 and K4 are materials parameters from laboratory test results To implement a nonlinear analysis in this paper, a very simple and effective method has been applied.
The base is modeled to show hardening behavior while subgrade has a softening trend which is characteristics of fine grain soils.

In the wear mechanism on the rake face, some of the component elements of the tool material, which work as the grain bonding force in the tool, diffuse into the chip.
Then, the grains are removed by the adhered chip on the tool surface.
For example, when cutting steel using cemented carbide, Cobalt (Co) working as the binder diffuses into the chip; and Tungsten Carbide (WC) grains falls off due to the mechanical action of the chips moving on the rake face.
In this analysis, the profile of the crater wear was analyzed by the number of cuttings and the wear distribution at 0.007938 sec in Fig. 9.

With the developing technology, the usage of High Pressure Die Casting technology has increased significantly, produced part types and the number of parts produced on an annual basis has reached remarkable amounts with the shortening of cycle times.
High solidification rates cause fine grain seizes.