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It has been confirmed by a large number of engineering practice in improving the stress state of rock and soil mass, soil bearing capacity and stability [1-3].
Even a large number of macro-tests, due to the experimental conditions restriction, can’t reach a comprehensive analysis and research on stress and deformation of the anchorage segment.
The initial number of the particles generated is 10000.
The top grain is removed and re-balancing to form a flat surface (as shown in figure 1).
The Changes of Porosity in The Interface Porosity (n) is defined as the ratio of pore area and area of measurement circle as given below: Fig.4 Distribution of y-stress along axial direction Fig.5 Variation of stress with time-stepping along radial direction （1） Where, Az is the area of measurement circle, Av is the summation of pore area in the measurement circle , Ab is the summation of grain area in measurement circle.

Where whiskers (acicular grains) are present on the surface of the microstructure inside of the pores, in which particles with micrometric and nanometric diameters can be filtered. [1] The filter considered is made of porous silicon and the whiskers are created of Si3N4 (through Nitridation Process) inside the pores of the substrate, forming a network which is responsible for catching the smallest particles coming with the gases, that could not be held through the pores of the filter. 1.1.- The Process The Nitridation is a process in which nitrogen at high temperature is added to Si or any other material, annealing in a nitrogen rich atmosphere like N2+1%H2, NO or N2O. [2] This process was used to create silicon nitride whiskers1 inside the Si filter's pores.
The silicon sample was prepared from the silicon raw powder (grain size < 32µm) in a cylindrical shape (Φ=10.89 mm), with a thickness of 5.43 mm, sintered, cut and polished.
The results from the samples (average of total number of samples) were: Open porosity= 42% ± 0,0982 Close porosity=1.38% The diameter of the pore dp was: dp=20.90x10-6m Having applied the Nitridation process the results shown in the Table 3.1.1., were obtained, where it is described in detail the open and close porosity according to every condition used in each situation which depends on the gas applied, also the holding time and the presence of Titanium during the thermal treatment.
-Permeability The permeability measurements were inversely proportional to the apparent number of whiskers (as seen in the micrographs).
Therefore the density of whiskers inside the pores, could be controlled, thus the active crossection for particle diffusion could be diminished at will from the original pore size, depending on the number and length of the whiskers grown inside the pores.

At highest flux content, biomass ash results in characteristics like coarse grains, higher residual carbon content, and low crystallinity in reinforced materials.
In the year 2013-14, teff accounted for 22.6% (about 3.2 million hectares per year) of the grain crop area in Ethopia [21].
The pellet (pressed-disk) technique was used for FTIR analysis over a spectral wave-number range of 4000−400 cm−1.
Thus, both S-BAT and S-AAT contain a number of silica groups.
It may also be seen that peaks in S-AAT have greater intensity indicating increase in number of silica groups after acid treatment.

The alloying elements can interact with defects (such as grain boundaries, dislocations) in crystals.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 3.2.
Here ∆Q = N-Zval, where Zval is the standard number of valence electrons per atom.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b).
The numbers correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 4.

In response to the mentioned problems revealed by the two models based on three or four particles, Yuan Wang and Yousif[5] et al. suggested that the fine particles are silted in the pores formed by the skeletal particles, resulting in the counted number of fine particles being less than the actual number, and proposed correction factors related to the compactness and particle size distribution.
The microscopic parameters such as porosity, pore volume, throat equivalent radius and coordination number are statistically analysed to obtain the real pore network model, and then the throat diameter is counted, and finally the stability of the soil interior is evaluated according to the obtained throat diameter, and the evaluation criteria are proposed. 2.
Based on the CSD curves obtained in the previous section, the percentage p of the throat larger than a certain particle size d is calculated to obtain the probability P(F) of the soil particles moving forward in the two critical states, and the number of particles that can pass through each layer can be obtained assuming that the skeletal particles are 10 layers The GSD of the particle size distribution curve, which eventually translates into fine particles, is shown in Figure 4.1.
Fig. 4.1 Prediction of Fine-grained GSD by CSD From the curves in Fig. 4.11, it can be seen that in the loosest state or in the tightest state, when the throat diameter is small, the predicted fines GSD curve is below the CSD curve, and as the throat diameter increases, the predicted fines GSD curve and the CSD curve have intersection points, indicating that the maximum throat diameter are larger than the maximum diameter of the fines, and when the fines GSD curve in the soil is on the predicted fines GSD curve left, the soil will undergo internal erosion and the soil will be internally unstable.
Conclusion In this paper, for the erosion mechanism of the suffusion research, in order to solve the existing suffusion test program can not be all-round dynamic monitoring tube welling development process, fine loose particles in the skeleton void transport process and loss law, first of all, the introduction and integration of transparent soil technology, plane laser-induced fluorescence image technology, build suffusion permeability visualization model test platform, get transparent soil samples of two-dimensional section collection; then With the help of Avzio software to transparent soil for three-dimensional reconstruction, to obtain the pore volume, pore surface area, pore equivalent radius, pore center of gravity, pore coordination number (that is, the number of connecting adjacent pores), throat area, throat equivalent radius, throat length, and throat connected with the location of the pore related parameters, the pore equivalent diameter and throat diameter distribution are

Therefore, several high entropy alloys have been developed to combat high-temperature corrosion in a number of components [18, 19].
These small-sized dendrites reduce the boundaries of grain sizes and could however enhance the mechanical and microstructural properties of the alloy [35, 36].
The major contribution to the strengthening could also have come from the grain boundaries as asserted by Sathiyamoorthi et al. [49].
Thermal stability and grain boundary strengthening in ultrafine-grained CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy composite.

This implies that if the loading is applied on a direction perpendicular to the orientations of the fiber grains instead of the direction along the fiber grains, the stresses in the major planar directions are interchanged.
This implies that if the loading is applied on a direction perpendicular to the orientations of the fiber grains instead of the direction along the fiber grains, the displacements in the major planar directions are interchanged.
Steel and Composite Structures, (2023), volume 48, Number 1, pp 1-17

For example, the coarse grains by which slab is composed can act as the scattering centers when tested, and form the randomly distributed background noise disturbing the recognition of the flaw echoes.
The number of neurons in the linear layer is less than that in the competitive layer.
Probabilistic neural networks are consisted by two layers of radbas neurons, the number of neurons in the first layer equals with the number of input vectors.
The second layer is competitive layer, its neuron number is the same with that of training specimen classes, each neuron represents a class.
Performance of Pnn network architectures Probabilistic Neural Test set I Test set II Training set Network % % % % % % Number of Correct Error Correct Error Correct Error epochs 32×3 70 30 100 0 100 0 100 Self-Organizing maps.

However, above certain critical velocity, the grains start to move, initially as dunes and at higher velocity as a continuous sand bed [6].
Clearly there exist a number of problems with identifying and defining flow patterns and flow pattern transitions and establishing their range of applicability.
The drag coefficient is a function of particle Reynolds number.
Review of Solid Transport Models: A number of models exist in the literature to estimate particle transport velocity in horizontal pipelines.
SPE Paper Number 27958, August 1994

.% -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 024681012 pH ESA / mPa*m*V-1 HAP:Start-pH-->pH10 HAP: Start-pH-->pH~4 TCPpunched wet gel air dried sample For resorption of the polycrystalline HAP, the specific surface area, grain size and the crystallite size are important.
When concentration increases the pores become smaller but their number were higher in the gel. ¾ Additives in the suspensions (gelatine, ceramic powder and other) cause non-uniform gel structures (wider pore size distributions). 4 wt% HAP 2 wt% HAP+2 wt% TCP 4 wt% nano-HAP Fig. 3: Stereooptical micrographs (bottom view) of punched wet gels as a function of the kind of phosphate powder in the suspension (1 wt % alginate, 1wt % gelatine, 1 M CaCl2) As seen from our general investigations, the consistency of the suspension could be improved.
After the first day of cultivation, we determined a cell number per scaffold of 2.7*104 hMSC, which reveals a seeding efficiency of 34% (Fig. 5a). 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 d1 d27 day of cell culture Cell number [104 cells] 0 1 2 3 4 5 d1 d27 day of cell culture ALP/10 6 cells a: Cell number via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity b: Specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showing osteogenic differentiation Fig. 5: Osteogenically induced hMSC on alginate-HAP-scaffolds proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts a: Stretched actin cytoskeleton seen on perimeter indicating cell adhesion (11 of 43) b: Cell nuclei accumulated more distant to the surface (18 of 43) Fig. 4: Osteoblasts on the surface of an alginate scaffold after 27 days of cell culture in ortho presentation of a cLSM stack with 43 images of 83 µm height (blue= nuclei of cells, green= actin cytoskeleton of cells).At day 27, the cell numbers per scaffold was raised to 1.3*105 cells
This nearly 4-fold increase of cell number indicates favorable conditions for cell proliferation.
Higher amounts led to an irregular pore structure and a decrease in pore number.