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The charge weld usually has some contamination such as oxides, dust and lubricant, which have detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of profile.
Li [2] investigated the metal flow behavior during extrusion process using finite element modeling simulation, and proposed that the geometric feature at the die corner affects the charge weld length.
And four levels were determined for each factor according to the actual condition, as listed in Table 1.

Synthetic poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is currently being investigated as a biomaterial for the regeneration of several tissues for its biodegradability, good mechanical properties and proper degradation rate which is often comparable with the healing time of the damaged human tissues.
The cell affinity of polymeric materials is the most important factor to be concerned when the natural polymers used as biomaterials or scaffolds for cell seeding in tissue engineering, where cell affinity includes two aspects, cell attachment and cell proliferation.
Similar results regarding the cell attachment and proliferation on the synthetic polymers have shown that the polymer surfaces modified with various materials affected cell growth as well as differentiated functions, since the immobilizing materials were hydrophilic and favorable for the interaction with the negatively charged surface of a cell membrane [10-12].

Similar to conventional advanced ceramics, Ti3SiC2 has good high-temperature mechanical property and oxidation resistance.
The influencing factors during the synthesis process should also be well understood.
These factors include the sintering temperature and in situ reaction/phase transformation between starting materials [9-11].
By using Al as sintering aid, several aspects are considered to be influencing factors for synthesizing pure Ti3SiC2.
Zhou, Investigation on the properties of Nb and Al doped Ti3SiC2 as a new interconnect material for IT-SOFC, Int.

Since the extrusion direction is an important parameter for the directional dependency of the properties, all sheet parts are cut and formed parallel to the extrusion direction.
A third, not to be underestimated factor of the DIC measuring principle is the uniformity of the lighting conditions.
The small differences that are present can be related to different factors: correlation errors due to light intensity changes during forming or due to slight color or gloss changes of the heated sheet, camera calibration errors, the constant volume assumption of the material and last but not least the matching of the exact same measuring location of the DIC cross-section and the one of the manual measurement.
It is clear that during the relaxation of the frozen-in stresses, and the corresponding deformation of the sheet, some regions are more affected than others by this phenomenon and are subsequently more strained.
Scott, Effects of rheological properties and processing parameters on ABS thermoforming, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol. 41, pp. 240-261, 2001

However, the inability of inner stress detection has been a barrier of researching, designing and manufacturing for engineering structure and complex equipment, and it seriously affects the new material research [2].
An accuracy of ±0.01°in 2θ at 90°leads to a precision in strain: (2) The key factor is the high penetration of neutrons through most industrial materials (8% through 25mm steel).
After the location of the spectrometer has been determined, the design of the integral structure has been done according to the every property index of the spectrometer.
Thirdly, in order to improve the accuracy of the test, the sample table’s mechanical precision should be enhanced through higher quality of manufacturing process.
(a) Mechanical loading system (b) High temperature device (c) Low temperature device (d) Low temperature chamber Fig. 5 Sample environment equipment.

Industrial byproducts addition to Portland cement is endorsed by important aspects: one is the possibility of confining a hazardous waste into a solid matrix, while obtaining a cement based solid, serving as a construction material and getting significant improvements in the cementious properties [10].
These two factors depend on the pozzolan’s nature and the active phases quantities and quality.
This could be attributed to the amorphous characteristics of this material, the average particle size and the chemical composition, these factors drive the improvement of the pozzolanic activity.
Hence, the Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) is considered on of the wastes most important acid-base properties, related with the mobilization of toxic compounds [16].
Hreglich, et al., Inertisation of slags from the treatment of end of life automotive batteries and their reuse in the production of heavy clay products with soundproofing properties, Glass Tech.: European J. of Glass Science and Technology Part A. 49 (6) (2008) 313-316

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) [4-6], fabricated by rapid solidification, have received much attention due to their many unique properties, for example superior strength, large elastic strain limit and relatively low Young’s modulus compared to their crystalline counterparts [7-12].
One group of specimens was mechanical thinned, polished and then dimpled to a thickness of less than 15 um.
The TEM image and DSC trace are similar to those observed in ground-up specimen of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 BMG specimens (not shown), which suggests that the electropolishing process does not affect the microstructure of the amorphous phase [25].
The ion implantation is another factor to affect the surface morphology of the TEM sample.

From the 1870s onwards, corrosion resisting properties of iron-chromium alloys were known.
Either approach provides better as-welded mechanical properties in the weld metal.
Prediction of Austenitic Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties.
Prediction of Austenitic Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties.
Creep Crack Growth Properties of Type 308 Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals.

It was found that width of the crack opening gap is a crucial factor which influences the crack breathing behaviour.
The above two methods use the same principle that the periodical stiffness variation will affect the dynamical behaviour of the shaft.
A rotating shaft is subjected to different types of mechanical stresses, such as bending, torsional, shear, and static radial loads, etc.
The periodical stiffness variation due to the “crack breathing” affects the dynamical behaviour of the shaft.
This is likely resulted from a change in the material property during welding process, or an imperfect bonding between welding surfaces.

Higher Order Harmonic Wave and its Effect on Thermosonic Bond System Zhanhui Lia, Yunxin Wu b, Zhili Longc College of Mechanical & Electronical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P.R.
The contact interface can be modeled as a spring interface with equivalent stiffness properties when the ultrasonic wave length is much greater than the roughness scales of the contact interface.
Different contact interface conditions can affect the transducer performance in packaging practice.
Fig. 7 Bond strength of chip The contact interface pressure between horn and bond tool is important factor which effect ultrasonic propagation.