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Using advanced crystal growth techniques, whole crystals can be grown at such low concentrations of vacancies or self-interstitials such that they can be considered as perfect.
Falster, Material Science and Engineering B 134 (2006) 227
On Advanced Technology of Silicon Materials, 1996, Osaka University, p. 51
Tomioka, Proc. 4-th Forum on the Science and Technology of Silicon Materials, Shohan Univers. 2003, p.161
Forum Vols. 196-201 (1995), p. 1761

Grain Size Dependence of the Flow Stress of TWIP steel Ghasem Dini1, a, Rintaro Ueji2, b and Abbas Najafizadeh 1, c 1 Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 2 Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, 761-0396, Japan a gh_dini@ma.iut.ac.ir, bueji@eng.kagawa-u.ac.jp, ca-najafi@cc.iut.ac.ir Keywords: TWIP steel, flow stress analysis, X-ray diffraction, dislocation density, grain size Abstract.
Introduction Low stacking fault energy twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with Mn content of 25-30% and other alloying elements such as C, Al and Si are a new group of the advanced high strength steels which have great potential in the automotive industry due to their exceptional combination of strength and ductility as a result of dynamic microstructure refinement due to mechanical twinning (i.e., the dynamic Hall-Petch effect) [1-4].
The effect of grain size on the engineering stress-strain curves of all samples are shown in Fig. 1a.
Fig. 1 (a) the engineering stress-strain curves and (b) the calculated dislocation density of all samples with different grain sizes In the case of coarse grained TWIP steel samples (for example with a mean grain size of 38.4µm), the activation of primary slip systems from dislocation sources (such as Frank-Read sources) during plastic deformation and the formation of dislocation pile-ups against grain boundaries act as strong obstacles (Fig. 2a) and produce a local stress concentration at the head of a pile-up [10].
Forum Vol. 561-565 (2007), p. 107

Wavelet Image Denoising By Threshold Optimization Based On Genetic Algorithm Shuang-ping Zhao1,2,a,Xiang-wei Li 1,2,b,Jing-hong Xing 1,2,c,Yan-wen Ye3,d 1Department of Software Engineering, Lanzhou Polytechnic College, Lanzhou, China 2.Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes, Lanzhou, China 3College of Information Engineering, LanZhou University of Finance and Economics Lanzhou, China azzsspp1125@sina.com, bjf1014@163.com,cxingjh_gs@hotmail.com, dyyw2000@vip.sina.com Keywords: threshold; genetic algorithm; wavelet transform;image denoising Abstract.
[5] Donoho D L:De-noising by soft-thresholding,IEEE Transinform Theory,1995,41(3),pp.613-627 [6] Xiaobing Ren: An Optimal Image Thresholding using Genetic Algorithm. 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications,2009,(48),pp.169-172 [7] V.

Fabrication of Ti-43Al-5V-4Nb Intermetallic Compounds by Forging Using the Blended Elemental Powders Yuyong Chen1,a, Yongjun Su1,b, Fantao Kong 1,c*, Deliang Zhang2,d 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, Department of Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand ayychen@hit.edu.cn, bchinasdsyj@yahoo.cn, ckft@hit.edu.cn, dd.zhang@waikato.ac.nz Keywords: TiAl; Powder metallurgy; two-step forging; low cost Abstract.
Forum Vol. 539-543 (2007), p. 1531.

Tribological Characteristics of Coarse and Ultra-fine Grained Ferrite-Martensite Dual Phase Steel Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing Yong-Suk Kim 1,a, Hyun Seok Yu 1, and Dong Hyuk Shin2 1 School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, 861-1 Jeongneung-dong Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea 2 Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa-1 dong Sangnok-gu Ansan Kyeonggi-do 425-791, Korea a Corresponding author: ykim@kookmin.ac.kr Keywords: tribological characteristics, ultra-fine grain, dual phase steel, ECAP Abstract.
Kim: Materials Science Forum Vols. 449-452 (2004), p. 597

Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DLPLG), because of its biodegradability and bioresorbability, has been used in various tissue engineering applications.
Forum Vol. 494 (2005), p. 519
Konstantinovic: Materials Science Forum Vol. 453-454 (2004), p. 537
Ledbetter: Advances in X - ray analysis, Eds.

At each step, the meshes are refined and coarsened automatically based on geometrical and physical error estimations; the physical fields are transferred from old to the new one using advanced algorithm.
This material is a versatile material applied in many branches of engineering - mechanical, aviation, marine, chemical as well as medical.
At each small load step, the meshes are refined or coarsened automatically according to the constantly changing physical fields and geometrical shape; the element qualities are evaluated and optimized to the regular or similar regular tetrahedral elements; and the physical fields are transferred (point to point) from the old mesh to the new one using advanced algorithm (Fig. 4).
Part I Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media, Journal of engineering materials technology, n°99, p 2-15, 1977
[8] A.Cherouat, L.Moreau, H.Borouchaki, Advanced numerical simulation of metal forming processes using adaptive remeshing procedure, Material Science Forum 614 (2009) 27–33

Poletti, and Martin Stockinger, Study of the hot deformation behaviour in Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr, Materials Science and Engineering: A 528.28 (2011) 8277-8285
[8] Kang L., & Yang C., A review on high‐strength titanium alloys: microstructure, strengthening, and properties, Advanced Engineering Materials 21(8) (2019) 1801359
[9] Bolzoni, Leandro, Elisa María Ruiz-Navas, and Elena Gordo, Quantifying the properties of low-cost powder metallurgy titanium alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A 687 (2017) 47-53
M., A review on laser beam welding of titanium alloys, The international Journal of advanced manufacturing technology 97.1 (2018) 1071-1098
Eagar., Welding processes for aeronautics, Advanced materials and processes 159.5 (2001) 39-43

Ang, Random Vibration of Hysteretic Systems under Bi-Directional Ground Motions, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 14, (1986)
Wen, Method for Random Vibration of Hysteretic Systems, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol.102, No.
Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, Vol. 5, n. 2, (2007), pp. 105-116
[23]De Angelis, F., Cancellara, D., Implications due to different loading programs in inelastic materials, Advanced Material Research, Vol. 422, (2012), pp. 726-733
[24]De Angelis, F., Cancellara, D., Results of distinct modes of loading procedures in the nonlinear inelastic behavior of solids, Advanced Material Research, Vol. 482-484, (2012), pp.1004-1011.

Berndt advanced investigations of mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings under 4-point bending.
Konakova, The structure and mechanical properties of single-crystal nickel alloys with Re and Ru after high-temperature holds, Materials Science & Engineering, A 642 (2015) 304–308
Kashapov, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 86012005, 2015
The 8 International Forum on Strategic Technology.