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El-Gallab and Sklad investigated the effect of the various cutting parameters on the surface quality and the extent of the sub-surface damage during turning of aluminium with 20% SiC particles MMCs.
Quan and Ye investigated the hardness and residual stress of SiC/Al composites in the surface layer affected by machining.
Sayuti et al. [10] found that use vibration technique during solidification have been improved to the mechanical properties of aluminium matrix composites.
Chemical composition of LM6 aluminium alloy Elements Weight [%] Silicon, Si Iron, Fe Copper, Cu Manganese, Mn Magnesium, Mg Nickel, Ni Zinc, Zn Lead, Pb Tin, Sn Titanium, Ti Other Aluminium, Al 10-13 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.15 Rest Table 2.The cutting parameters and levels used in the experiment Cutting parameter Unit Levels Low Medium High Cutting speed (v) Feed (f) Depth of cut (ap) m min-1 mm rev-1 mm 100 0.05 0.5 175 0.125 1.0 250 0.2 1.5 Fig.1.
El-Gallab and M.

Mansour R.et al. found that by increasing the duration of grinding (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 hours), the synthesized carbide crystallites became thinner, reaching nanometric dimensions (8-69 nm) [18].
Enayati and. al. have demonstrated that it was possible to produce nanocrystalline WC having a crystallite size of about 10 nm by the MA of a mixture of W and C powders [15].
Sherif El-Eskandarany et al. also reported that the WC started to form after approximately 6 hours of milling a mixture of tungsten and carbon powders using a high-energy planetary ball mill [12].
El-Eskandarany, A.

RESULTS: 3D Surveying and Modelling The creation of reality-based 3D models begins with data collection achieved using passive sensors and image data (Remondino and El-Hakim 2006), active sensors and range data (Vosselman and Maas 2010), classical surveying (e.g. total stations or GNSS), extrusion functions from existing 2D drawings and maps (Yin et al. 2009) or an integration of the aforementioned techniques, in particular for large and complex sites (Stamos et al. 2008; Guidi et al. 2009).
References [1] Remondino, F. and El-Hakim, S., 2006.

(a) XRD and (b) FTIR spectrum of unmodified clay and modified clay FTIR spectrum for unmodified Na+-bentonite clay presents two typical peaks (Fig.1b,), an absorption band at 969 cm-1, corresponding to the Al-Al-OH bending vibrations.
The peaks between 3500 and 3700 cm-1 and near 3400 cm-1 is assigned for OH stretching for Al-OH, Mg-OH and Si-OH of bentonite clay.
Khaidar,El.L Ameziane,A.
Ibrahim and TA El-Brolossy :Composites -Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 42, (2011), p. 394- 399

Shehata and El-Gohary[2] conducted a case study in construction project in Egypt to provide a guide for necessary steps required to improve construction labor productivity and consequently, the project performance.
Alinaitwi et al.[4] found that among the top ten factors affecting construction productivity in Uganda are lack of tools/ equipment, tools/ equipment breakdown and harsh weather conditions.
References [1] I.Othman, A.Idrus & M.Napiah, “Human Resource Management in The Construction of a Sustainable Project: Towards Successful Completion”WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol.162,© 2012 WIT Press, [2] Shehata, M. and El-Gohary, K. (2011).
A., Al-Khalil, M. & Al-Hazmi, M. (1995) Causes of delays in large building construction projects.

Cracks in the intermetallic phases Al8CeMn4 (a) and Al11RE3 (b) of AE44 alloy after immersion in 0.1M Na2SO4 solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 Fig. 8.
Results of analysis of the Al11RE3 intermetallic phase selected from Fig. 8(a): EDS spectrum (a), EBSD pattern (b), indexed pattern (c) Fig. 10.
Moreover, with increasing Al content in the alloy, the range of adverse changes in the microstructure increases [8].
Kainer, Characterisation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Mg–Al alloys, Mat.
El-Amoush, Effect of aluminum content on mechanical properties of hydrogenated Mg-Al magnesium alloys, J.

[3] Gao J, Zhao Y, Yang W, Tian J, Guan F, Ma Y, et al.
[17] Ocakoglu K, Mansour Sh A, Yildirimcan S, Al-Ghamdi AA, El-Tantawy F, Yakuphanoglu F.
[25] Xu S, Zhu YS, Xu W, Dong B, Bai X, Xu L, et al.
[28] Hu LM, Dong SY, Li QL, Li YF, Pi YQ, Liu ML, et al.
[31] Ocakoglu K, Mansour SA, Yildirimcan S, Al-Ghamdi AA, El-Tantawy F, Yakuphanoglu F.

Effect of FSP on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of commercial pure Al was investigated by Yadav et al.[9].
Charit et al. [12] showed that a FSPed commercial 2024 Al alloy exhibited a maximum ductility of ~525% at a strain rate of 10-2 s-1 and 430℃.
Ma et al.[13] investigated superplasticity behavior of Al-4Mg-1Zr alloy subjected to FSP.
Al–Zn–Mg–Sc alloy was friction stir processed by Charit et al. [14].
[18] El Rayes M M, El Danaf E A, Soliman M S, High-temperature deformation and enhanced ductility of friction stir processed-7010 Aluminum Alloy, Materials & Design, 2011, 32(4): 1916-1922

The lattice parameters are almost constant within the experimental errors for the prepared samples in our case; a slightly different behavior is reported by Ahmed and EL-Khawlani [10], this may be due to the variation in range of Co concentration.
But Pradeep et al. reported that the nano crystalline MgFe2O4 prepared by wet chemical method tend to exist as mixed spinel structure [11].
The similar behavior was noted by the Kambally et al [13].
El-Nimr, Comparison study of some structural and magnetic properties of nano-structured and bulk Li–Ni–Zn ferrite samples, J.
EL-Khawlani, Enhancement of the crystal size and magnetic properties of Mg-substituted Co ferrite, J.

This tendency is also supported by Fukui et. al. [4] Although steels are known to show high strain rate dependences compared to aluminum alloys, it should be noted that the effect of strain rate on the strength of steels decreases with increasing the quasi-static strength.
Uenishi et. al. [1] reported that Dual-Phase and low alloyed TRIP assisted steels of 590MPa in strength show higher crash energy absorption property than 0 50 100 150 200 200 400 600 800 1000 Static flow stress σσσσs {5-10%} (MPa) � σσσσ {5-10%} (MPa) 0 50 100 150 200 200 400 600 800 1000 Static flow stress σσσσs {5-10%} {5-10%} (MPa) � σσσσ {5-10%} {5-10%} (MPa) Fig.2 Relationship between average static flow stress and average dynamic-static flow stress difference between 5 and 10% of strain. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 300 400 500 600 700 800 σσσσ{10%, 5%WH+BH} (MPa) Calculated absorbed energy (kJ) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 300 400 500 600 700 800 σσσσ{10%, 5%WH+BH} (MPa) Calculated absorbed energy (kJ) Fig.3 Relationship between calculated absorbed energy and dynamic flow stress at 10% of strain.
Steel YP/MPa TS/MPa u-El/% T-El/% A TRIP type 426 721 23.7 31.0 B Precipitation hardened 476 635 14.4 24.6 C Dual-Phase type 443 599 18.4 27.9 D Bainitic 467 556 12.8 24.7 E Solid Solution hardened 310 394 20.4 36.3 crush distance = 100 mm 0 2 4 6 8 10 Absorbed energy (kJ) Mild steel (348) Sol.
Steels C Si Mn others YP TS T-El 2%BH 5%WH 5%BH A 0.015 0.02 0.11 178 316 43.6 36 73 30 B 0.015 0.02 0.11 223 318 43.8 93 26 67 C 0.015 0.02 0.11 315 399 25.4 65 19 52 D 0.124 0.01 0.48 284 422 38.8 49 93 41 E 0.134 0.01 0.88 333 486 34.6 56 108 44 F 0.088 0.20 0.94 Ti=0.08 445 556 27.4 58 74 35 G 0.071 0.28 1.16 Ti=0.06 549 674 22.9 17 66 19 (MPa) (MPa) (%) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) 200 300 400 500 600 700 800200 400 600 800 Static TS (MPa) � d{10%} with and without WH and BH (MPa) Without WH,BH 5%WH+BH 5%WH: C direction BH: 170� ™ 20min 200 300 400 500 600 700 800200 400 600 800 Static TS (MPa) � d{10%} with and without WH and BH (MPa) Without WH,BH 5%WH+BH 5%WH: C direction BH: 170� ™ 20min Fig.8 Effect of static tensile strength on dynamic flow stresses with and without pre-strain and baking treatment. 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 � s{10%, 5%WH+BH}-� s{10%} (MPa) � d{10%, 5%WH+BH}-� d{10%} (MPa) 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40