Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Hong Qing Zhou, Xiao Dong Shen, Hui Shao
A Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR, Nicolet Nexus, Thermo Nicolet) was used to analysis of the glass structure and the wave number ranged from 400-4000 cm–1.The crystallized phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Therefore, B2O3 is substituted for SiO2, then the addition of B2O3 into glass increase both the amount of non-bridging oxygen (Si-O-B) in the silicate network and the number of [BO4] units.
The peak values in this location were 1336.63 cm-1 and 1638.79 cm-1 respectively from B1 to B5.This can be explained the fact that the decreasing of [SiO4] and [BO4] caused the weakening of their bonds, so these bands shifted to lower wave numbers [14].
The number of pores appeared to increase with the amount of B2O3 addition.
The dielectric structure is supposed to comprise the well conducting ceramic grains, which are separated by poorly conducting glass phase.
Therefore, B2O3 is substituted for SiO2, then the addition of B2O3 into glass increase both the amount of non-bridging oxygen (Si-O-B) in the silicate network and the number of [BO4] units.
The peak values in this location were 1336.63 cm-1 and 1638.79 cm-1 respectively from B1 to B5.This can be explained the fact that the decreasing of [SiO4] and [BO4] caused the weakening of their bonds, so these bands shifted to lower wave numbers [14].
The number of pores appeared to increase with the amount of B2O3 addition.
The dielectric structure is supposed to comprise the well conducting ceramic grains, which are separated by poorly conducting glass phase.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Yong Zhou Cheng, Qing Feng Li, Yun Pan, Wen Cheng Wang
Effects of water wave on the sandy seabed have been investigated by a number of investigators.
The grain-size distribution obtained from the test is shown in Fig. 2.
The uppermost pore pressure sensor located at 4cm under bed surface in each section, pore pressure sensor number is P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 from up to down on each section.
(1) The L is wavelength (m); T is wave period (s); k is wave number; D is water depth (m).
As shown in Fig. 9, the section number is #3.
The grain-size distribution obtained from the test is shown in Fig. 2.
The uppermost pore pressure sensor located at 4cm under bed surface in each section, pore pressure sensor number is P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 from up to down on each section.
(1) The L is wavelength (m); T is wave period (s); k is wave number; D is water depth (m).
As shown in Fig. 9, the section number is #3.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Wei Hua Xu, Xue Zhu Zhao, Yun Ding
Compared with traditional crystalline metals, amorphous metals lack periodic symmetry and anisotropy in their atomic arrangement; they also lack grain boundaries and dislocations.
After training for 48–72 hours, the number of adherent cells increased, and the cells were round and fusiform.
For both groups, lipid droplets appeared after adipocytic induction had been carried out for 1 week, and these droplets subsequently increased in number and size.
For both groups, abundant granules appeared in the cytoplasm after osteoblastic induction was performed for 1 week; the cells grew in colonies and a small number of mineralized deposits formed between the cells.
A large number of mineralized nodules were observed after Red Oil-A staining (Fig4a, b).
After training for 48–72 hours, the number of adherent cells increased, and the cells were round and fusiform.
For both groups, lipid droplets appeared after adipocytic induction had been carried out for 1 week, and these droplets subsequently increased in number and size.
For both groups, abundant granules appeared in the cytoplasm after osteoblastic induction was performed for 1 week; the cells grew in colonies and a small number of mineralized deposits formed between the cells.
A large number of mineralized nodules were observed after Red Oil-A staining (Fig4a, b).
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Hai Feng Yang, Zhi Heng Deng, Ying Huang
Cement is from 42.5 Mpa Portland one in “Hailuo”brand;the fly ash and slag is directly come from concrete pumping station which is used for high strength concrete;AF-CA polycarboxylate super plasticizer (liquor) of "Nengbo" brand in Nanning City is adopted, its content accounts for 2.5% of the weight of cementitious materials
Table 1 The Basic Properties of Course Aggregate
Item
Grain diameter
(mm)
Apparent Density
(kg/m3)
Stacking
Density(kg/m3)
Water-Intake
Rate (%)
Crushing
Index(%)
RA
5-15
2430
1260
5.96
19.5
NA
2760
1429
1.35
13
Test scheme.In the test, the recycled aggregate’s autologous additional water absorption rate is not considered .recycled aggregate is to use the equal weight replacing natural aggregate.
Table 3 The Average Values of All Groups of Specimens Water-cement ratio Replacement (%) Confining pressure (MPa) Code number Average Peak stress(MPa) Average peak strain() 0.5 0 0 SA1-1~SA1-3 18.10 1917 4 SA1-4~SA1-6 48.48 16542 8 SA1-7~SA1-9 73.53 15747 12 SA1-10~SA1-12 93.84 25134 16 SA1-13~SA1-15 110.77 31280 100 0 SA5-1~SA5-3 16.87 2353 4 SA1-4~SA1-6 45.48 19020 8 SA1-7~SA1-9 65.14 25227 12 SA1-10~SA1-12 80.48 36376 16 SA1-13~SA1-15 98.24 45531 0.28 100 0 HA5-1~HA5-3 47.98 2520 8 HA1-4~HA1-6 90.65 11939 16 HA1-7~HA1-9 122.51 16996 24 HA1-10~HA1-12 148.39 31959 32 HA1-13~HA1-15 180.30 35950 Failure pattern of recycled concrete.
Fig. 2 Failure Pattern Fig. 3 Failure Pattern under Conventional Triaxial Stress for Natural Aggregat for Recycled Aggregate Fig. 1 is the final failure pattern for the recycle aggregate concrete in triaxial stress state,similar to ordinary concrete,under different confining pressures, the overall presentations of different water-cement ratios of recycled aggregate concrete are about 50-60 degree slant shear failure.Lightly breaking the destroyed surface apart and we find that the ordinary aggregate is almost cut into power in failure surface;while for recycle aggregate concrete,either in ordinary strength or high strength,the failure surface occurs in recyceld aggregate interface,or is split along the aggregate congenital cracks,Fig. 2 and 3 in detail.There are mainly that after a series of processes such as mechanical crushing,artificial selection and second crushing of recycled aggregate, aggregate itself has accumulate a large number
(3) In it, , according to experimental results, fitting the equation ,and the parameter values shown in Table 4, Table 4 The Results of Fitting Parameters Code number Parameter Confining pressure(Mpa) 0 4 8 12 16 SA5 1.26 2.68 2.30 3.48 3.11 A 0.38 0.44 -4.81 -13.87 D 0.96 2.0 2.59 7.16 16.59 Code number Parameter Confining pressure(Mpa) 0 <16 24 32 HA5 1.12 1.71 3.29 2.69 A -0.01 -1.70 -2.04 0.3 D 1.03 3.69 4.82 6.27 Compressive Strain Energy and the Brittleness Index.The above analysis shows that either uniaxial or triaxial compression stress - strain curves is composed of ascending and descending segments.
Table 3 The Average Values of All Groups of Specimens Water-cement ratio Replacement (%) Confining pressure (MPa) Code number Average Peak stress(MPa) Average peak strain() 0.5 0 0 SA1-1~SA1-3 18.10 1917 4 SA1-4~SA1-6 48.48 16542 8 SA1-7~SA1-9 73.53 15747 12 SA1-10~SA1-12 93.84 25134 16 SA1-13~SA1-15 110.77 31280 100 0 SA5-1~SA5-3 16.87 2353 4 SA1-4~SA1-6 45.48 19020 8 SA1-7~SA1-9 65.14 25227 12 SA1-10~SA1-12 80.48 36376 16 SA1-13~SA1-15 98.24 45531 0.28 100 0 HA5-1~HA5-3 47.98 2520 8 HA1-4~HA1-6 90.65 11939 16 HA1-7~HA1-9 122.51 16996 24 HA1-10~HA1-12 148.39 31959 32 HA1-13~HA1-15 180.30 35950 Failure pattern of recycled concrete.
Fig. 2 Failure Pattern Fig. 3 Failure Pattern under Conventional Triaxial Stress for Natural Aggregat for Recycled Aggregate Fig. 1 is the final failure pattern for the recycle aggregate concrete in triaxial stress state,similar to ordinary concrete,under different confining pressures, the overall presentations of different water-cement ratios of recycled aggregate concrete are about 50-60 degree slant shear failure.Lightly breaking the destroyed surface apart and we find that the ordinary aggregate is almost cut into power in failure surface;while for recycle aggregate concrete,either in ordinary strength or high strength,the failure surface occurs in recyceld aggregate interface,or is split along the aggregate congenital cracks,Fig. 2 and 3 in detail.There are mainly that after a series of processes such as mechanical crushing,artificial selection and second crushing of recycled aggregate, aggregate itself has accumulate a large number
(3) In it, , according to experimental results, fitting the equation ,and the parameter values shown in Table 4, Table 4 The Results of Fitting Parameters Code number Parameter Confining pressure(Mpa) 0 4 8 12 16 SA5 1.26 2.68 2.30 3.48 3.11 A 0.38 0.44 -4.81 -13.87 D 0.96 2.0 2.59 7.16 16.59 Code number Parameter Confining pressure(Mpa) 0 <16 24 32 HA5 1.12 1.71 3.29 2.69 A -0.01 -1.70 -2.04 0.3 D 1.03 3.69 4.82 6.27 Compressive Strain Energy and the Brittleness Index.The above analysis shows that either uniaxial or triaxial compression stress - strain curves is composed of ascending and descending segments.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Song Wei Jia
Because tillage induces changes in soil structure, thus affects the movement of water, fertilizer, gas, heat and crop roots in the soil, and accelerates soil respiration, and finally it results in a large number of organic carbon decomposing and emitting into the atmosphere in the form of CO2.
Since the 20th century, due to rapid expansion of the world’s population, a large number of forest, grassland have been reclaimed as farmland, thus these result in a large number of SOC being released into the atmosphere, contributing to the global warming.
At present, it transforms from a country with low-energy consumption into that with high energy-consuming in China, then a large number of CO2 will be emitted, which is the primary contradiction between economic development and protecting the environment.
Erosion control with no-tillage and reduced till corn for silage and grain.
Since the 20th century, due to rapid expansion of the world’s population, a large number of forest, grassland have been reclaimed as farmland, thus these result in a large number of SOC being released into the atmosphere, contributing to the global warming.
At present, it transforms from a country with low-energy consumption into that with high energy-consuming in China, then a large number of CO2 will be emitted, which is the primary contradiction between economic development and protecting the environment.
Erosion control with no-tillage and reduced till corn for silage and grain.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Feng Fan, Lin He, Jian Yuan
It is indicated that pits as a hole on the tracheid can bring biggish stress concentration at around walls, and the fracture line is about 45° that is similar to the phenomenon at macroscopic, which the damaged line is 59.5°[28] when the wood under compression parallel to grain.
While, a large number of cells in the 2# slice, that were severe damaged regions at late and early wood or between each other (refer with Fig 6a), the cells were almost splitting, and the width of crack between at 2µm and 4µm, even to 7.2µm.
Table 2 Width of cell Number of ring D5 Sample D6 Sample D7 Sample WAR* [µm] WL* [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] 1 938.98 271.32 1674.955 759.927 1332.66 545.3 1093.293 590.574 2 1042.842 199.5 1431.08 681.292 1186.36 582.54 1106.573 449.54 3 1042.825 218.12 888.635 356.44 1457.682 500.08 949.635 452.231 4 986.95 204.82 601.184 204.889 1165.085 399 960.264 468.168 5 1580.096 321.871 1298.148 505.652 984.232 444.22 968.273 508.313 6 1537.565 441.592 1260.91 500.087 489.447 172.9 / / 7 1510.882 394.003 1149.428 457.59 508.06 236.74 / / *WAR stands for width of annual ring, WL stands for width of late wood Fig 7 Late wood percentage of samples The cell wall area is summarized in Table 3 and cell wall percentage is 100% subtracts lumen percentage that showed in Fig 8.
Table 3 Cell wall area Sample Early wood Late wood Number of cell Lumen percentage [%] Whole area [µm2] Lumen area [µm2] Number of cell Lumen percentage [%] Whole area [µm2] Lumen area [µm2] D5 320 74.40173 381980 513402 240 14.89133 33163 222700 219 72.47406 312211 430790 319 12.34613 39247 317889 168 76.68386 375300 489412 613 10.42319 36329 348540 222 73.89927 434173 587520 372 13.73299 50100 364815 173 76.89976 395780 514670 454 15.43781 86737 561848 169 79.32028 430656 542933 / / / / 173 73.85681 425173 575672 / / / / 217 75.79255 454656 599869 / / / / D6 431 67.05457 394187 587860 668 8.258811 46601 564258 274 71.55494 455991 637260 281 9.150807 23513 256950 358 69.95624 395613 565515 380 6.455645 23240 359995 232 72.60505 399518 550262 223 9.152696 20200 220700 181 74.59685 389870 522636 305 13.91483 75053 539374 346 74.69547 446655 597968 / / / / 418 68.38572 367033 536710 / / / / 335 72.17985 336239 465835 / / / / 335 69.65948 364085 522664 / / / / 193 74.26407 456323 614460
While, a large number of cells in the 2# slice, that were severe damaged regions at late and early wood or between each other (refer with Fig 6a), the cells were almost splitting, and the width of crack between at 2µm and 4µm, even to 7.2µm.
Table 2 Width of cell Number of ring D5 Sample D6 Sample D7 Sample WAR* [µm] WL* [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] WAR [µm] WL [µm] 1 938.98 271.32 1674.955 759.927 1332.66 545.3 1093.293 590.574 2 1042.842 199.5 1431.08 681.292 1186.36 582.54 1106.573 449.54 3 1042.825 218.12 888.635 356.44 1457.682 500.08 949.635 452.231 4 986.95 204.82 601.184 204.889 1165.085 399 960.264 468.168 5 1580.096 321.871 1298.148 505.652 984.232 444.22 968.273 508.313 6 1537.565 441.592 1260.91 500.087 489.447 172.9 / / 7 1510.882 394.003 1149.428 457.59 508.06 236.74 / / *WAR stands for width of annual ring, WL stands for width of late wood Fig 7 Late wood percentage of samples The cell wall area is summarized in Table 3 and cell wall percentage is 100% subtracts lumen percentage that showed in Fig 8.
Table 3 Cell wall area Sample Early wood Late wood Number of cell Lumen percentage [%] Whole area [µm2] Lumen area [µm2] Number of cell Lumen percentage [%] Whole area [µm2] Lumen area [µm2] D5 320 74.40173 381980 513402 240 14.89133 33163 222700 219 72.47406 312211 430790 319 12.34613 39247 317889 168 76.68386 375300 489412 613 10.42319 36329 348540 222 73.89927 434173 587520 372 13.73299 50100 364815 173 76.89976 395780 514670 454 15.43781 86737 561848 169 79.32028 430656 542933 / / / / 173 73.85681 425173 575672 / / / / 217 75.79255 454656 599869 / / / / D6 431 67.05457 394187 587860 668 8.258811 46601 564258 274 71.55494 455991 637260 281 9.150807 23513 256950 358 69.95624 395613 565515 380 6.455645 23240 359995 232 72.60505 399518 550262 223 9.152696 20200 220700 181 74.59685 389870 522636 305 13.91483 75053 539374 346 74.69547 446655 597968 / / / / 418 68.38572 367033 536710 / / / / 335 72.17985 336239 465835 / / / / 335 69.65948 364085 522664 / / / / 193 74.26407 456323 614460
Online since: February 2019
Authors: L.A. Suleymanova, I.A. Pogorelova, M.V. Marushko
The condition of a gas pore’s sphericity is predetermined by the prevalence of capillary forces and is as follows: В0 (Bond number) << 1; We (Weber number)<< 1; Nησ (viscous-capillary criterion) << 1.
The stability is determined by the static condition of a spherical gas pore’s nondeformity, quantitatively characterized with the Bond number В0 = 1.
The decrease of the pores size would reduce the Bond number and increase the role of capillary forces in the aerated concrete’s porous structure formation.
The regularities of a highly-organized porous structure formation and the principles of improving the efficiency of cellular concretes are achieved by using composite binders, controlling processes in a three-phase disperse porous system and updating the manufacturing methods of cellular concrete products, which consist in selecting the composition and grain-size of binders, which would correspond to the structure of thin interpore partitions, and in controlling the mixtures’ properties in order to combine the structure formation processes with account of force balance in the disperse system.
The stability is determined by the static condition of a spherical gas pore’s nondeformity, quantitatively characterized with the Bond number В0 = 1.
The decrease of the pores size would reduce the Bond number and increase the role of capillary forces in the aerated concrete’s porous structure formation.
The regularities of a highly-organized porous structure formation and the principles of improving the efficiency of cellular concretes are achieved by using composite binders, controlling processes in a three-phase disperse porous system and updating the manufacturing methods of cellular concrete products, which consist in selecting the composition and grain-size of binders, which would correspond to the structure of thin interpore partitions, and in controlling the mixtures’ properties in order to combine the structure formation processes with account of force balance in the disperse system.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Hong Jing Zhang
., this large number of factors increase the crude oil emulsion stability study of complexity.
Generally believed that the basic structure of asphaltenes is a fused aromatic ring system as the core, surrounded by a number of connected naphthenic rings, aromatic and naphthenic ring with a number of varying length alkyl side chain is homogeneous or heterogeneous , mixed with a variety of molecules containing S, N, O of the group, sometimes complex has Ni, V, Fe and other metals.
Over the last decade many researchers have proposed a number of other molecular models, reflecting their chemical structure of asphaltenes in different views.
Figure 2 Aggregation models of asphaltene micelles 1 A-grains; B-side chain; C-particles; D-micelles; E-weak keys; F-holes; G-intramolecular stacking; Intermolecular H-heap; I-gum; K-petroleum porphyrin; M-metal Figure 3 Asphaltene micelle aggregation models 2 Sjoblom that the active component in the interface, the aromatic molecules stacked like a sandwich, the formation of fatty acids in the liquid crystal layer interface association, so that droplets have hard protective layer around is not easy to mutual coalescence.
Generally believed that the basic structure of asphaltenes is a fused aromatic ring system as the core, surrounded by a number of connected naphthenic rings, aromatic and naphthenic ring with a number of varying length alkyl side chain is homogeneous or heterogeneous , mixed with a variety of molecules containing S, N, O of the group, sometimes complex has Ni, V, Fe and other metals.
Over the last decade many researchers have proposed a number of other molecular models, reflecting their chemical structure of asphaltenes in different views.
Figure 2 Aggregation models of asphaltene micelles 1 A-grains; B-side chain; C-particles; D-micelles; E-weak keys; F-holes; G-intramolecular stacking; Intermolecular H-heap; I-gum; K-petroleum porphyrin; M-metal Figure 3 Asphaltene micelle aggregation models 2 Sjoblom that the active component in the interface, the aromatic molecules stacked like a sandwich, the formation of fatty acids in the liquid crystal layer interface association, so that droplets have hard protective layer around is not easy to mutual coalescence.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Antonia Cristina Barascu, Iulian Razvan Soare, Elena Loredana Terzea
Introduction
In order to speak about progress, when comes of batch manufacturing, it is important to have the right techniques and to assure that the number of batches are correctly established and planned.
Measuring and managing the number of batches will lead to a better flow, less inventory and higher productivity [2].
The number of operators used in the painting process is 30 and in the assembly process is 15.
This does not permit to eliminate the low added-value operations such as alcohol degreasing, correction of burrs, scratches, curling. 9 7 The bumpers don’t come in batches from the supplier. 3 8 Loss of material due to repeated cleanings of bumpers (wipes + isopropyl alcohol). 2 Paint process related issue 9 Robotized painting process does not permit important modification, so it is necessary to work with batch production for each color. 1 10 Lack of synchronization between the information received at the exit of the painting process and the need in the assembling line. 4 11 The configuration of the conveyor route gives a large number of carriers/supports. 1 12 Large area occupied in the assembling proximity by bumpers packages. 1 13 Non-added value generated by the cutting pattern. 4 14 Heavy bars manipulation devices --> great effort for the operator. 1 15 Low fiability of the robots used for applying the varnish and the base for paint. 1 16 The partial un-masking operation has a low
Surface of the bumper without grain and cataphoresis; degreasing of the bumpers at the supplier.
Measuring and managing the number of batches will lead to a better flow, less inventory and higher productivity [2].
The number of operators used in the painting process is 30 and in the assembly process is 15.
This does not permit to eliminate the low added-value operations such as alcohol degreasing, correction of burrs, scratches, curling. 9 7 The bumpers don’t come in batches from the supplier. 3 8 Loss of material due to repeated cleanings of bumpers (wipes + isopropyl alcohol). 2 Paint process related issue 9 Robotized painting process does not permit important modification, so it is necessary to work with batch production for each color. 1 10 Lack of synchronization between the information received at the exit of the painting process and the need in the assembling line. 4 11 The configuration of the conveyor route gives a large number of carriers/supports. 1 12 Large area occupied in the assembling proximity by bumpers packages. 1 13 Non-added value generated by the cutting pattern. 4 14 Heavy bars manipulation devices --> great effort for the operator. 1 15 Low fiability of the robots used for applying the varnish and the base for paint. 1 16 The partial un-masking operation has a low
Surface of the bumper without grain and cataphoresis; degreasing of the bumpers at the supplier.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ji Jun Yang, Yong Han, Chen Hua Xu, Yu Hua Zhao
Optimal model of industrial structure is described below:
(1) industry set (players)
Letas the finite set of industries, then, the entire national economy consists of -industries. refers to player (industry), and. is the number of national industry.
According to the different classification, the number of industries is various.
Assuming that there are (number of entire industry) in regional economy.
Labor productivity is given as follows: (3) Where, is the number of employees in industry. ③environmental pollution degree.Environmental pollution degree is defined as follows: (4) Where, is the unit cost of contaminants caused by industry ; denotes the total emission of pollutants by industry .
The game analysis of grain circulation market in China.
According to the different classification, the number of industries is various.
Assuming that there are (number of entire industry) in regional economy.
Labor productivity is given as follows: (3) Where, is the number of employees in industry. ③environmental pollution degree.Environmental pollution degree is defined as follows: (4) Where, is the unit cost of contaminants caused by industry ; denotes the total emission of pollutants by industry .
The game analysis of grain circulation market in China.