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It is concluded that the variations of the bathing saline concentration significantly affect the sound speed in artC and should be well documented in the ultrasonic studies of artC.
ArtC has a important mechanical task to transmit load across joints and provides almost frictionless surfaces to allow unhampered locomotions [1-2].
Significant differences in sound speed were observed in the saline as well as the artC specimens with the change of the saline-concentration (Single-factor ANOVA, p <0.001).
Previously, our group conducted experiments to investigate the swelling properties of artC with changes in the saline solution concentration [19].
Further research is being conducted in our laboratory to find out the dynamic diffusion of saline and various enzymes in artC in order to investigate its swelling properties.

Carbon nanotubes were first synthesized and studied by Ijima[2], have been studied extensively and have shown exceptional optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties [3].
HiPCO SWCNT are peculiar due to its unique properties as well as its method of synthesis.
The SWCNT so produced are consistent in size, diameter and properties.
These properties are studied by Raman spectroscopy.
Hernandez, Electronic, thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, Philos.

The optimization of consumer products through the use of numerical simulations has become a key factor to a continuously increasing requirement for time and cost efficiency, for quality improvement and materials saving, in many manufacturing areas such as automotive, aerospace, building, packaging and electronic industries.
The elastic properties of the steel are insufficient when it is desired to consider the plastic behavior of material.
The mesh refinement can severely affect the computational cost of a finite element simulation.
[4] Kazuhiro Saitou, Kazuhiro Izui, Shinji Nishiwaki, Panos Papalambros, A Survey of Structural Optimization in Mechanical Development, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering (2005), vol. 5
[5] Waqas Saleem, Fan Yuqing, Strategy for Optimal Configuration Design of Existing Structures by Topology and Shape Optimization Tools, International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2010)

Introduction Significant grain refinement down to the submicron scale is one of the most promising routes for improving the mechanical properties of structural steels and alloys.
The ultrafine-grained metallic materials possess a beneficial combination of mechanical properties, namely, high strength at ambient temperature and enhanced workability at elevated temperatures [1].
Note here that the large fractions of high-angle boundaries obtained at a relatively small strain of 0.5 in Fig. 4 could be affected by the original grain boundaries.
Langdon, Twenty-five years of ultrafine-grained materials: Achieving exceptional properties through grain refinement, Acta Mater. 61 (2013) 7035-7059
Lagneborg, A controlling factor for dynamic recrystallization, Scripta Metall. 9 (1975) 59-66

From there all changes of LEDs optical properties resulted from radiation within the mentioned above fast neutrons transfer might be considered as conditioned by active region optical properties changes of LEDs based on AlGaInP heterostructures.
It is a representation of this pattern is typical when analyzing various properties of LEDs [7].
Any LEDs are characterized by the emission power decreasing as a result of the special factors action due to the introduced additionally nonradiative recombination centers of radiation nature.
Hall, Luminescence and the light emitting diode: the basics and technology of LEDS and the luminescence properties of the materials, Elsevier, 2016
Sumino, Mechanical properties and dislocation dynamics of GaP, Journal of Materials Research. 2 4 (1989) 355-360

Introduction Polycrystalline transparent ceramics are important materials for optical applications in extreme conditions where other optical materials do not meet the requirements for high thermo-mechanical properties (polymers, glass) or are difficult and expensive to produce in large and complex shapes (single crystals).
Since the discovery of the transformation toughening [6], partially yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia has become one of the major high-performance ceramic materials due to its excellent mechanical properties [7, 8], but it has received comparatively little attention with respect to its optical transmission.
The linear intercept grain size was corrected by a factor of 1.56 to yield the true grain size [16].
The highly alkaline pH ensured that a small pH change did not affect the nanosuspension stability.
Trunec, Effect of grain size on mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP ceramics, Ceram.

The dendritic phenomenon is one of the problems in AFLBs that affect the cycle stability of AFLBs.
The cylindrical cell model 18650 is used in this research due to its good mechanical stability applied to batteries for electric vehicles [28].
This research studied the different properties of cathode materials (NMC622 Vs.
Mass Loading of NMC622 as Cathode Material In this study, optimization of mass loading was observed toward the commercialization of AFLIBs that will affect energy density, battery performance [31], and battery fabrication's overall economic factor.
Also, it will affect on the diffusion of lithium ions during the charging/discharging process [33].

Whilst they work in terms of being more lossy than the alumina and so, when added in sufficient quantities, improve the ability to heat the ceramic from cold and hence be heated and densified, in terms of the final properties achieved, they range from potentially property-enhancing, e.g.
However, whilst composites based on Al2O3 with SiC are known to offer potentially superior mechanical properties, unfortunately they are also significantly more expensive than the monolithic version of alumina, restricting the uses for the end product to high value applications. 2.
For example, research on the firing of zinc oxide varistors yielded results that showed that hybrid sintered devices exhibited more homogeneous and finer microstructures that exhibited superior electrical properties [15].
Taking aluminium nitride, AlN, a ceramic that has many attractive properties for electronics and refractory applications [23], as an example, it is synthesised using two main industrial processes.
Both multimode [29] and single mode [30] approaches have been used; the former suffer from the problem that the whole ceramic part heats up so potentially affecting the microstructure and/or component deformation.

Phase transitions, thermal properties, ionic conductivities and electrochemical stabilities are investigated to characterize the alternating copolymer electrolyte.
Firstly, cross-linking is an effective way to restrain the crystallization and maintain thermal and mechanical stability [6].
The maleic anhydride units on the backbone also affect the phase transitions of the solid polymer electrolyte.
DSC can be used to character the crystallization property.
However, the maleic anhydride does not behave a positive factor to the ionic conductivity.

Introduction Continuous technology development generates demand for materials with unique properties.
The use of spinels as dielectrics at low temperatures or semiconductors at high temperature depends on their electrical properties [8].
As the process for preparing the spinel depends on many factors (e.g. time, temperature, starting substrates used in process) it is not still fully described.
Tavangarian, Sintering behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of vacuum sintered SiC/spinel nanocomposite, J.
Kennedy, Synthesis, characterization of nickel aluminate nanoparticles by microwave combustion method and their catalytic properties, Mat.