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There are a number of variables in the drawing process namely, work-material properties, reduction in cross-sectional area, die angle, drawing speed, and lubrication.
The performance of the operation is affected by a change in one or more of these variables.
quadratic Stress (N/mm2) Exact 5.00000 75.70102 75.70109 73.21959 5.03125 70.90760 70.90765 68.73049 5.06250 66.12279 66.12282 64.22958 5.93750 61.34646 61.34652 59.7169 5.12500 56.57862 56.57866 55.1925 5.15625 51.81911 51.81918 50.65643 5.18750 47.06798 47.06801 46.10871 5.21875 42.32503 42.32510 41.54939 5.25000 37.59035 37.59038 36.97851 5.28125 32.8637 32.86378 32.39611 5.31250 28.14523 28.14524 27.80223 5.34375 23.43462 23.43471 23.1969 5.37500 18.73211 18.73211 18.58018 5.40625 14.03732 14.03741 13.95209 5.43750 9.350521 9.350526 9.312667 5.46875 4.671316 4.671408 4.66196 However, extensive numerical experimentation showed that the accuracy of the method is oberved to increase for lower values of coefficient of friction Specifically, numerical experimentation revealed that a mesh of 8 C0 quadratic isoparametric elements and coefficnet of friction (µ) equal 0.1, produced a higher error estimate compared to a mesh with similar mesh density but coefficient of friction reduced by a factor
Globally, the maximum error using µ equal 0.1 compared to that using 0.01 shows that the former is higher by a factor over 15 Simulating the wire drawing operation using C0 cubic isoparametric elements produces more attractive results as shown in Table 2 Specifically, a maximum absolute error of 0.38µN/mm2 is achieved using a mesh of 3 C0 cubic isoparametric compared to 2.48N/mm2 for a mesh of three C0 quadratic isoparametric elements for µ = 0.1 and α = 160.
Rzepka,Analysis of the influence of back pull during drawing of Aluminum wires, International journal of materials and product technology, 15(6) (2000)518 – 534 [8] Phelan, P., Brandon, J. and Hillery, M., Central burst analysis of the wire drawing process using accumulated damage Parameter, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol 215, no 11, 1313 – 1319, 2001 [9] M.

On a side note, the inclination angle during manufacture affects not only the surface quality, it has also an immense influence on the tensile strength and a measurable impact on the fracture toughness of the material [11-13].
Major changes in the surface morphology were evident based on the present thermal environment, governed by the surface inclination and the related factors, i.e. proximity of already solidified areas, interaction with the loose powder particles, as well as irradiation energy and pathway (Figure 4).
Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 8 (2014) JAMDSM0009
Van Humbeeck (2010) Part and material properties in selective laser melting of metals.

(7) The concentration enhancement factor λ can be fairly large.
When the vacancy generation mechanism is operative, Nabarro-Herring creep will be affected through a decrease in grain growth rate and also immediately, through vacancy supersaturation due to grain growth (λ >> 1).
What can be seen from the above equations is that grain growth results in an increase of the initial creep rate for diffusion creep by a large factor of λ, as compared with the reference creep rate in the absence of grain growth.
On Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites, MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, 1-5 Dec. 2003 (in press).

Duflou1,d 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium avitalii.vorkov@mech.kuleuven.be, brichard.aerens@hotmail.com, cdirk.vandepitte@mech.kuleuven.be, djoost.duflou@mech.kuleuven.be Keywords: multi-breakage phenomenon, springback, high-strength steel, finite-element modeling, air bending Abstract.
Fig. 1 – Scheme of the multi-breakage effect: splitting or „breaking“ of the contact surface The calculation of springback is a very challenging task, because many factors affect the part during and after bending [1].
(1) Where: ε: equivalent plastic strain K: strength coefficient n: hardening exponent Table 1 – Material properties of Weldox 1300 [6] Density [kg/m3] Poisson’s ration μ [-] Initial elasticity modulus E [MPa] Plane strain elasticity modulus Eʹ [MPa] K [MPa] n [-] 7800 0.3 2e5 2.2e5 1770 0.06 Fig. 5 – Overview of loading scheme and finite-element mesh Fig. 6 presents the results (contact pressure on the plate) of the finite-element computations.

Investigation on surface grinding of Ti-6Al-4V using minimum quantity lubrication Guoqiang Guo1, a, Zhiqiang Liu1, b, Xiaohu Zheng1, c and Ming Chen1,2, d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.
That would cause skin disorders and affect the human dietary and respiratory system.
Because of titanium alloy’s poor thermal properties, grindabilty of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4) imposes lots of constraints.
This proves the improved lubrication property of MQL oil, it could penetrate into the grinding interface and form a durable tribofilm to improve the sliding, plowing and cutting performance of each grain [2, 10].
Combinations of these factors result in a decrease in workpiece surface roughness.

Thus air and droplet deformation control volume corresponding coupling the continuity equation and equations of motion were obtained through using of mass, momentum conservation principle, most unstable wave number and the droplet growth rate of expression was exported under disturbance waves in the air, the vibration characteristics of the HVAS droplet were analyzed with coupled vibration model, HVAS process parameters on droplet characteristics was discussed, which the process is important theoretical significance for reasonable choice of materials and control of HVAS. 1 The coupling vibration equation for high velocity arc spraying process Spraying molten droplet formation process affected by many factors， such as the arc temperature areas, air velocity, air pressure, body temperature, spraying the atmosphere and so on.
By formula (15) and make it equal to 0 the derivative, the most unstable wave number: (16) 3 Model Validation Assume the role of high nitrogen liquid metal under the coating of titanium used to set the initial speed of high-speed ，HVAS the corresponding parameters into the mathematical model, Solver written using MATLAB, you can get nitrogen on liquid titanium with high-speed spray disturbance wave number and the relationship between growth factors.
Draw the nitrogen for high-speed spraying of liquid titanium disturbance wave number and the relationship between growth factors shown in Figure 1.
(3) Impact droplets vibration characteristics with different spraying molten Different wire coating have different physical properties, Figure 6 shows the change of vibration characteristics of droplets during spraying Nickel, Titanium and Aluminum at the initial velocity with the 200m / s of the N2 gas.
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 41 (2005), p.169一173

On the Control System for Blank-holder Force in Deep Drawing Based on Self-tuning Fuzzy-PID Controller Chun-Ping CAO a, Yu SUN b School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China ,210094， a ccp_alice@163.com,b sunyu@mail.njust.edu.cn Keywords: Fuzzy control, PID Control, Blank-holder Force, Simulation Abstract: Blank-holder Force (BHF) control technology is an important guarantee for the quality of parts forming.
If the blank-holder force is too large the wrinkling can be avoid, but the tearing tendency is increased as well as the possibility of surface damage to die and sheet metal, which will affect the quality of metal shaping and die life.
Blank-holder force is one of the key parameters affecting the process of sheet metal stamping.
The simulation has been done to prove that the method is effective in improving the dynamic property and decreasing the steady state errors of the BHF.
The corresponding numeric factor is as following, max max 5 10 0.5, 5 5 1 e ec k n e k m ec = = = = = = ; max 3/1 3 up u k l = = = , max 3/1 3 ui u k l = = = , max 1 1 1 udk u l= = = 。

The Aluminum properties are; the melting temperature (933k) and the solidification temperature (300K).
Figures (7) and (8), where the bold circle represent the mould cavity perimeter when the solidified part is clear at different locations along the cast (5mm, 15mm, 25mm, 35mm and 45mm) below the cast upper surface, the base of the inverted cone on the cast upper surface also affected by the applied press on it and the mould thickness, where its perimeter decreases with increasing these factors.
A new case named (Case2_2_A) have been used at 310K ambient temperature with the same geometry, properties of (Case2_2).
Yawas, Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Pressure on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Die Cast Aluminum Alloys, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, (2016)
Yawas, Effects of Pressure on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Die Cast Aluminum A380 Alloy, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, (2014)

A sensing polymer must also have a number of desirable physical properties.
The other factors which are observed to affect the photosensitivity are: concentration of the dye, dye aggregation, presence of the moisture in solid polymer electrolyte etc.
The sun light harvesting, photocurrent generation, and charge carrier transport are the important factors for improving the solar cell conversion efficiency.
CPs are semiconductor, while retaining the mechanical properties of conventional polymers.
Conclusions Dye doped conducting polymers have enhance optical properties and electrochemical properties.

Compressive strength test In accordance with Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete (GB/T50081-2002). 3.2.
Table 3 Cracking properties on concrete surface NO.
Factors affecting corrosion and approaches for improving durability of ocean reinforced concrete structures.
Chloride Ions Diffusion Properties in High Performance Concrete with Different Materials.
Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced silica fume expansive-cement concrete.