Search results

Towards a Virtual Reality Simulator for Orthognathic Basic Skils Raluca Elena Sofronia1, a, Arjana Davidescu1, b and George Gustav Savii1, c 1Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, 300222 Timisoara, 1 Mihai Viteazu Blvd., Romania araluca.sofronia@mec.upt.ro, barjana.davidescu@mec.upt.ro, cgeorge.savii@mec.upt.ro Keywords: orthognathic surgery, bone sawing, medical simulators, virtual reality, haptics.
The main advantages of this approach [16] are the facts that it enables the implementation of volume structural changes and the taking into consideration of material heterogeneous properties.
The number of transformations between coordinate systems is the main factor that affects the haptic rendering rate.
One limitation of the simulator prototype is the haptic force feedback that does not take into consideration the physical parameters which affect the sawing process, such as the saw pitch or oscillation frequency.
The simulator was tested by mechanical engineers and virtual reality experts.

Anti-sticking Properties of PVD CrWNx, CrOx and ZrOx Coatings on Medical Electrode Application Y.L.
Some chromium nitride and metal oxide coatings with anti-wear and hydrophobic properties [1-4] had been developed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.
The anti-sticking properties of coated electrodes were preformed on fresh pork liver by electrosurgical cutting mode.
The results of surface energy shows that the polar component of surface energy was the predominant factor in determining the hydrophobic property of the surfaces.
Mechanical properties The working tip of the electrosurgical electrode is subject to high temperature during use.

Sustainable High Speed Dry Cutting of Magnesium Alloys Yuebin Guo1,a and Zhanqiang Liu2,b 1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA 2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China ayguo@eng.ua.edu, bmelius@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: Magnesium alloy, high speed machining, dry cutting, sustainability.
This study aims to characterize and model dynamic mechanical behavior of the biodegradable Mg-Ca alloys under cutting regimes.
Nevertheless, the found set of material constants always represents the material properties with an acceptable accuracy.
Cutting forces are affected by two opposing mechanisms during cutting process: work hardening and thermal softening.
There are two factors which should be considered in studying these contour plots: the size of the area covered with certain temperature and the temperature itself.

Mechanical and Hardware Structure Design of End Effector Mechanical Structure Design of the End Effector.
The mechanical hand materials is adopted alloy-steel, has good strength, hand structure as shown in figure 2 [7].
In order to make the sensor has a wide range of vision, and is not affected by the end effector, visual sensor installation using eye in hand.
Fig. 4 Analysis of stress of fingers Mechanism Design of the Mechanical Arm Mechanism of the Mechanical Arm.
Joint Control in Mechanical Arm.

Since with different characteristics and properties, they are suitable for different research fields and work situations.
For the upper boundary of the substrate, the equipotential surface properties are also applied to simulate the bias of the substrate.
Due to the different atomic weight and ionization degree of various gases, different working gases show different beam properties.
Conclusion In this paper, we adopts kinetic model to simulate the discharge process of plasma in anode layer ionization source, studies on its discharge characteristics and analyzes the influencing factors of the beam characteristics.
The results show that the discharge properties such as beam energy, the density of the beams are affected in the process of vacuum discharge under different discharge voltage, gas flow and the gas species.

From the hardness distribution after tempering, mechanical properties (ultimate strength, yield strength, elongation) can be determined in each point of the section, depending on tempering temperature used, by means of an auxiliary diagram.
Other factors that affect the heat transfer at real workpieces, besides of the kind of quenchant, are: surface roughness, external flow field of the liquid and its turbulence.
Taking into account only these factors, obviously some compromise has to be made when using the HTC for a real workpiece of complex shape.
It is difficult to judge which of the following factors contributed more to the difference in HTC maximum values: the cylinder diameter, the calculation method, or the position of the thermocouple?
Numerous factors can influence the process of quenching.

Temperature dependant material properties for above material were presented by Karlsson, and Josefson [7].
Material properties assigned to each element in FZ and HAZ during both thermal and structural analysis depend on the peak temperature reached on that element.
Welding speed directly affects the rate of heat input, hence changes the dimensions of FZ and HAZ.
The influencing factor is heat input which has positive effect on residual stresses and zone of influence.
Kang: The Effects of Root Opening on Mechanical Properties, Deformation and Residual Stress of Weldments, AWS Welding Journal, (2001), p. 80/S-89/S

The equation evidences the two contributions, by E and H to the heat generation, thus microwave processing in predominant E or H field is expected to lead to different results, on the basis of the dielectric and magnetic properties of the powder compacts.
In fact positioning the sample in the maximum of the electric field or in the maximum of the magnetic field positions (referred to the empty applicator) could lead to different reaction mechanism and as a consequence to different microstructures and mechanical properties [7].
Moreover SiC dielectric properties (high losses) are better exploited when heating in the maximum of E field, and this can be used to further enhance the joining.
Considering 1773 K limit as maximum service temperature for continuous use of CVD SiC, modeling results reported in Figure 7b show that the microwave assisted combustion synthesis approach for joining affects only very small layers around the materials to be joined, and this occurs for less than 2 seconds if MW are turned off immediately after CS ignition (for instance using a light sensor device).
Modeling results revealed the small extension of the heat affected zone and its limited existence time, so that overheating resulted limited to the reaction zone alone.

These stresses also affect the substrate.
As pointed out before, this is a driving factor with respect to control the heat transfer and cooling conditions in such a way that residual stresses are reduced.
Van Der Biest, “Wire based additive layer manufacturing: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition,” J.
Dalgarno, “A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties,” Prog.
Mills, “Metals and Surface Engineering,” in Recommended Values of Thermophysical Properties for Selected Commercial Alloys, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2002, pp. 32–36

Chen College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R.
Any further increase in the protrusion of the CBN grains, which is demanded for the chip accommodation volume, may lead to grain pullout affecting the tool life.
On the other hand, wear behavior of the grain cutting edges is one of the primary factors to influence the grinding performance and the service life of the abrasive tools.
Consequently, besides the grain pullout, attritious wear is another important factor to the definition of the end of the tool life.
This unique property of PCBN grains may conquer the shortcomings of monocrystalline CBN, such as cleavage and aeolotropy [5.].