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Online since: June 2015
Authors: R. Sivaramakrishnan, G. Shanmugasundar, M. Rajmohan, R. Sridhar
This system also performs the following trajectory planning techniques, 3D system simulation, auto-operation, ultrasonic type signal analysis and 3D reconstruction according to the measured flow data occur in the system.
Korayem et. al [5] discussed with the methods for Design, kinematic modelling, development and experimental validation of a six degree freedom robot manipulator, which is suitable for industrial applications, In their research work the followed the assumption that, the robot each joint link has an independent DC motor with gear reduction unit and sensor feedback system for angular joint position of each and every robot elements.
Screw jack Outer diameter, Mean diameter and Pitch calculation : The standard core diameter is took with the available standard data’s of IS: 4694 – 1968 for normal series of square thread system.
If the diameters are not found in the mechanical engineering data book table then the next incremental value is chosen for design.[9] From the core diameter the actual dimensions of the screw mechanism are calculated.
From the standard data the pitch of the screw and outer diameter are chosen and interpreted.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: N. Chen, Dierk Raabe
Each pass exerted a thickness reduction of about 0.1 mm.
This measurement is based on the integration of 162 separate Debye-Scherrer frames covering the entire pole sphere, i.e. the data are quantitative.
The data reveal a drop in the relative diffraction signal with increasing total strain from ~15% to ~3%.
Since our data (Fig. 1) show the evolution of a deformation texture on the basis of chain slip it may be concluded that the critical stress for the activation of strain-induced amorphization is larger than that for the activation of (100)[001] chain slip.
This applies in particular to 473K (Fig. 4b) where the data show a strong change of the relative diffraction signal as a function of time during isothermal heat treatment.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Hao Hua Qin
Yet these time-frequency tools have the following drawbacks: (1) Phase information is overlooked, which actually often plays an important role in discriminating fault features. (2)The performance of time-frequency analysis is affected by the inherent spectral leakage and barrier effect caused by Discrete Fourier transform, resulting in reduction of the estimation accuracy of both frequency and amplitude, so new techniques are required to overcome these shortcomings.
Eq.1 tells us that the angle of Y(k) ‘θ0’ can be directly considered as the phase value, which is exactly the theoretic phase of the (2N-1)-length data vector’s central sample ‘x(0)’.
Fig.3 and Fig.4 reflect the case of rotor misalignment (sampled data is from ALNT1_DH file in Literature [9]), where the order N of apFFT’s spectral analysis is 128, and harmonic number M for reconstruction is 10.
Fig.3 Rotor misalignment signal and its reconstructed Fig.4 Spectral analysis of rotor misalignment Waveform (M=10) Table.1 Parameters estimation of rotor misalignment amplitude Frequency[Hz] Phase [rad] Estimated value Theoretical value fundamental frequency 89.4125 106.4285 102.8811 0.2293 second harmonic 115.5177 204.7330 205.7622 -1.6764 third harmonic 55.5238 311.3132 308.6433 -2.2688 fourth harmonic 15.1088 450.8380 — -1.8778 fifth harmonic 54.7632 516.2701 514.4055 -2.6558 Fig.5 Rotor unbalance signal and its reconstructed Fig.6 Spectral analysis of rotor unbalance Waveform (M=4) Fig.5 and Fig.6 reflect the case of rotor unbalance (sampled data is from BND1_DH1 file in Literature [9]), where the order N of apFFT’s spectral
Table.2 Parameters estimation of rotor unbalance amplitude Frequency[Hz] Phase[rad] Estimated value Theoretical value fundamental frequency 48.1474 91.7413 89.6853 1.0458 second harmonic 9.9197 175.5459 179.3706 0.5394 third harmonic 5.3709 267.2282 269.0559 2.6565 fourth harmonic 4.9801 374.6271 358.7412 2.0093 Fig.7 Surge signal and its reconstructed waveform Fig.8 Spectral analysis of surge (M=3) Table.3 Parameters estimation of surge amplitude Frequency[Hz] Phase [rad] Estimated value Theoretical value Inter-harmonic frequency 45.4588 27.9356 — 0.4517 Inter-harmonic frequency 7.9983 120.3457 — 3.0935 fundamental frequency 22.8980 199.4124 196.5428 -3.0096 Fig.7 and Fig.8 reflect the case of surge (sampled data is from SUR1_DH file in literature [9]), where the order N of apFFT’s spectral analysis is 128, and harmonic number M for reconstruction is 3.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Gui Lan Zhang
Parameters of field experiments Pump flow rate (m3 /h) Duration (h) Gross water flow (m3) Gross K15NO3 (g) Concentration of K15NO3 (mg/L) Seepage depth in plots(cm) 0.880 3.5 3.07 30 9.77 10 Sampling And Pretreatment To meet the statistics requirements, each data was obtained from three parallel random samples.
Data Processing The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to check the normality of each variable; if the variable did not follow a normal distribution, its distribution was normalized by transformation of the variables using Napierian logarithms.
The confidence level of the entire data analysis was 95% except where stated otherwise.
SPSS software 13.0 package was used for the data processing.
These purification capabilities have been shown to be affected by the types of vegetation covering the wetland [2], soil utilization types [3], hydrographic courses [4], soil types [5], oxidation-reduction potential of soil, physical features and nutrient content of soil, and soil temperature [6].
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Md Akil Hazizan, C.Y. Tan
Nomex cores do give higher mechanical properties compared to aluminum and polypropylene, however its higher price made it not quite suitable for consumers or low end products which desperately needed weight reduction while maintaining excellent strength and low cost.
The signals from the load cell were then recorded and stored by computer using data acquisition software.
Motor for height control Magnet for release of indenter and carriage Piezo-electric load cell Stainless steel indentor Three point bend support system Computer for data management Fig. 2: Schematics of the drop weight impact tester.
It should be noted that the data acquisition system for this drop weight impact tester can only measure the forve vs time directly.
Fig. 3(a) shows a typical force-time history data which shows a linear increase with a decreasing slope.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Bao Hong Hao, Ding Zeng, Quan Yong Deng, Xi Yang Song, Tin Tin Zhou
The value of data is larger as a whole and the reason is that, corrosion rate of abutment under seriously humid environment with water-logging is greater than that under dry area; It is also found from Figure 3 (a) that: actual measurement result by using impulse current method is generally larger than that by using linear polarization method, which shows that linear polarization method is more precise than impulse current method, and the data difference shows the testing deviation between these two testing methods; while the approximate data also reflects the scientific nature and reliability of testing data.
It is found from the actual measurement results that: results measured by both methods are approximate, which shows dry environment is beneficial to reduction of the corrosion degree of reinforcement and preciseness of measurement, as well as effectively reduce measuring error and system analysis error. 2.4 Analysis on Actual Measurement Results of Guard Bar Figure 5 below gives the calculating result of weight loss ratio of real bridge guard bar tested with two electrochemical methods Figure 5 Corrosion rate of guard bar of bridge tested with electrochemistry We can see from Figure 5 that, corrosion rates of 1# and 2# guard bar approximately fall the range of 8~12%, the value is relatively low and that the weight loss ratio of reinforcement sections at both ends are largest, while the weight loss ratio at middle part is least.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Jin Long Zhou, Qiao Li, Rui Liang Jia
Object The research objects of this paper are 17 groups of groundwater quality data collected from the same positions or similar positions in nine cities of Xinjiang in 2003 and 2011: Urumqi, Changji, Shihezi, Yining, Tacheng, Hami, Kashi, Aksu and Hetian.
The comparison of groundwater quality data in 2003 against the groundwater quality standard (GB/T14848-93) (Table 1) showed that except for Kashi, the water quality of other cities all reached class III or better than class III, with the overall pH and F- meeting the class I criteria.
In 13 groups of data, the concentration decreased in two groups, remained unchanged in one group and increased in ten groups respectively (Figure 1).
Of the 16 groups of data, the total hardness of 9 groups increased, accounting for 56.3%; that of 6 groups decreased and that of 1 group basically remained unchanged (Figure 2).
Then the reduction state was changed to oxidation state and more calcium and magnesium minerals were oxidized and converted to easily dissolvable forms.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Yuri N. Kulchin, Oleg B. Vitrik, Stanislav O. Gurbatov
Figure 2 presents a(R) calculated by Eqn (1) (solid line) and the present experimental data (filled squares) for a singlemode fibre with ρ=4,15mm, n1=1,467, n2=1,462 and n3=1,479 at a guided wavelength λ=1,55 mm.
The solid line was obtained by calculation using Eqn (1) and the filled squares represent experimental data.
Based on the data in Fig. 2, we fabricated fibre Fabry–Perot interferometers with bending radii R=9,4 and 10,7mm.
It follows from the data in Fig. 4 that both ψ and ξ gradually decrease with increasing n3 and become approximately one order of magnitude smaller at n3=1,479.
It seems likely that this is due to the reduction in the mutual influence of the core and cladding modes with increasing cladding – liquid index difference.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Dong Li, Ling Jing Meng, Hai Bo Liu
Then the tracking data is completely unreliable [3].
Fig. 1 shows the data of multipath error actually measured by the radar.
Reference tracking data is AV/FPS-16 tracking radar.
Fig. 1 Data of multipath error actually measured by radar From Fig. 1, we can see that the multipath error caused by the multipath signals from the pattern side lobe of radar antenna is much smaller than the one caused by the multipath signals from the main lobe.
Thus, the RMS error of angle measurement is [4] , (1) where is the mirror reflection coefficient, , is the reflection coefficient of smooth surface, is the diffusion factor, is the reduction factor of rough surface, is the directivity inhibitory factor of antenna, is the normalized slope of monopulse radar difference beam, is the regularized single pulse rate, is the beam width of half-power point, is the maximum gain ratio between the sum beam and difference beam side lobe for single pulse antenna, is the mean of in the first Fresnel area, and is the accumulation factor of effective pulse.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Rustam Kaibyshev, Anna Mogucheva, Andrii Dubyna
Samples of 1570C-Al and 1570Alwere rolled at ambient temperature with a total reduction of 80% to the final thickness of~2mm.
The mean of three tensile specimens were taken to give a meaningful data point.
The dislocation densities were evaluated by counting the individual dislocations within the grain/subgrain interiors on at least six arbitrarily selected typical TEM images for each data point [11].
Data for the 1545Al, 1570C-Al and 1570Al in initial hot rolled, extruded and ECAP conditions, respectively, are presented for comparison.
This is in contrast with data reported in other works [1, 3, 5] and presented below.
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