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Drip irrigation technology can also increase the land productivity, reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers, and effectively prevent the soil fertility reduction and non-point source pollution caused by loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients.
The saved water resources can be used as ecological water, slowing the reduction of arable land caused by desertification and soil erosion and keep more water in aquifers.
Li, Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University( Social Science), Vol .10, No. 3 ,2008,pp.295-297 (in Chinese) [7] Urban population, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS [8] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012): World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision.

When the target poisoning is occurred, coating is formed not only on substrate but also on target surface, which results in the reduction of deposition rate and coating structure.
This explains for data in Fig. 4, in which the increase in nitrogen flow and argon partial pressure do not lead to the increase of nitrogen content in TiN coating.

The results show that, compared to dry machining, MQL machining brings about a significant reduction in cutting forces and surface roughness, and it also gives rise to a notably prolonged tool life.
For all cutting conditions, the data consistently show that the cutting forces in MQL machining are lower than that in dry machining.

Moreover, to obtain sensing performance, the nanostructures ZnO were tested in gas sensor testing system consisting of test chamber, data acquisition systems, temperature and gas flow controller. 1.
Therefore many approaches have been demonstrated for the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures, including chemical vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapour deposition, carbothermal reduction, spray pyrolysis, vacuum evaporation and chemical bath deposition (CBD).
Power controller Omron E5CK, G3PX-220EH, and digital multimeter Picotest M3500A are used to control and record the measurement result data.
These data indicate that the form of impurity atoms Al and Sn grown successfully in a thin layer as doping and it was very possible Al and Sn atoms replace Zn atoms in the crystal structure since their atomic radius is almost the same.
From the measurement data, sensitivity of the sensor obtained for pure ZnO sample at a concentration of 2.5% and 7.5%vol. ethanol is 70.88% and 88.57%, respectively.

Data Collection.
Different apparatus, including two sets of Q-Trak (Model 7565-X, TSI Inc., USA) and two sets of portable Grimm (Model 1.108, Grimm Aerosol Inc., Germany) were used to record the instantaneous data of air temperature, CO2 and PM concentrations at point A and point B, with a logging interval of 1 minute and a data storage interval of 10 minutes.
Eight sets of HUMLOG (Model HUMLOG 10, E+E Elektronik Inc., Austria) were used to test the air temperature for floors 2 ~ 5 in the courtyard and that in the corridor, with a logging interval of 1 minute and a data storage interval of an hour.
From Eqs. (4) and (5), the reduction ratio of the exterior wall heat loss of an enclosed building compared with a non-enclosed building, can be expressed as: (6) Eq. (6) shows that is related to and n.
The values of for the test courtyard building are estimated by employing Eq. (6) and the measured data (08:30 ~ 17:30).

In Fig. 5 the crack grows into the fine grained process zone which is consistent with what is known about relative ease of long fatigue crack propagation in the fine grain equiaxed and coarse colony microstructures, although there is not much crack growth data for such small grain sizes [22].
Here, it is important to mention that long crack data represents the average crack growth rate across the entire crack front.
Further, just after initiation the fatigue cracks are short cracks and there also are data suggesting that effects such as roughness induced closure are much less important in short crack growth [23, 24].
An important piece of missing data is direct measurement of the rate of crack growth both during facet formation and during striation formation.
Obtaining data on the growth of facets associated with dwell fatigue cracks is more difficult because these cracks initiate and grow subsurface.

To obtain additional insight about the energy flow and exergy reduction of the system, an energy and exergy analysis is conducted in this study.
Reference [3] has discussed the required energy for MSAC process, whose data will be used for energy analysis in this study.
The exergy ananlysis is based on the second law of thermodynamics, and the exergy reduction of a process is proportional to the entropy production of the process.
The exergy reduction could be calculated as the difference between inlet exergy and outlet exergy, which could be expressed as formula (3)
(3) where EL is exergy reduction, Ein is inlet exergy, Eout is outlet exergy.

The aims of this study were: (i) to find out the variables that most influenced the reduction of metal Pb(NO3)2 levels, (ii) to determine the optimum conditions of the variables that affected the process of implementing the natural adsorbent of the outer shell of ketapang seeds on decreasing levels of metal Pb( NO3)2, (iii) To determine the activated charcoal produced according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with the parameters of water content, ash content, and absorption capacity of methylene blue.
The experimental design method means a set of experiments designed to obtain real data to prove a hypothesis.
Analysis of Pb(NO3)2 levels reduction using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.
Analysis of the reduction of metal levels of Pb(NO3)2 using Scanning Electrone Magnetic.
The optimum condition was reached at 50oC with a reduction level of Pb(NO3)2 metal by 66.77%.

Due to the addition of the acetate anion to zinc, the salt has a high propensity to donate electrons and reduction potential, which forms Zn(OH)2 and appears as a white precipitate.
Rather et al.[30] indicated that flavonoids in pomegranate peel are responsible for the reduction process in the reaction.
Therefore, they act as stabilizing agents and can also transform metal precursors into metal oxide nanoparticles, thus acting as both reducing and stabilizing agents[31]. 3.2 Characterizations of green biosynthesized ZnO NPs The use of pomegranate waste extract leads to the reduction of Zn acetate dihydrate directly to pure ZnO NPs at pH 11.0 without the need for calcination.
The data obtained confirm that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs are free from impurities and this is confirmed by the presence of ZnO in the hexagonal phase[31].
Moreover, the FT-IR measurements were carried out to identify the possible bio-molecules responsible for the reduction of ZnO and capping of the reduced ZnO.

Using an integrated thermal, daylight and airflow simulation addresses the abovementioned concerns, validates the concept of a central atrium combined with night ventilation, and demonstrates the potential for energy consumption reduction.
Typical weather data is used from the Test Reference Year (TRY2010) for Mühldorf, the reference weather station for the project location, as provided by the Deutscher Wetterdienst.
It is worth noting that reducing the window-to-wall ratio reduces both heating and cooling, and possibly daylight quality depending on the extend of glazing ratio reductions.
The floor-dependent airflow still leads to total energy consumption reduction.
Aronis, Cooling-energy reduction in air-conditioned offices by using night ventilation, Applied Energy. 63-4 (1999) 241-253