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Online since: May 2006
Authors: K. Krzemień, J.E. Frąckowiak, J. Maszybrocka, Jerzy Cybo
The data quoted in Fig. 6a also show synergist effect of these two factors.
UHMWPE BZ A B C 1 A1 B1 C1 2 A2 B2 C2 b vV 1.000 1.032 1.046 1.087 0.910 0.943 0.958 0.995 0.899 0.909 0.933 0.952 a vV 1.000 1.042 1.047 1.062 0.873 0.887 0.916 0.932 0.817 0.816 0.843 0.846 bI 1.000 1.027 1.033 1.072 0.907 0.950 0.975 0.987 0.912 0.941 0.955 0.964 aI 1.000 1.051 1.063 1.089 0.915 0.928 0.979 1.005 0.870 0.891 0.941 0.953 bR 1.000 1.002 1.004 1.004 1.001 0.997 1.000 1.003 0.995 0.988 0.992 0.996 aR 1.000 0.997 0.995 0.992 0.985 0.985 0.978 0.975 0.979 0.971 0.964 0.961 Since as a result of the tribological process, a reduction of the VV parameter occurs as well as an increase in I, the consequence of these changes should be a reduction of size R of the free volume centers.
The advantageous changes of free volume centers that occur during the tribological process (reduction of VV and R, Fig. 6) are conducive to a large increase of the degree of spatial arrangement (Fig. 7).
The improvement of properties throughout the volume of the above-mentioned polymer variants is due to effective reduction of the global fraction and size of free volume centers in result of splitting of the centers and their closure induced by mutual approaching of structural elements under the conditions of friction.
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Evgeniy V. Naydenkin, Ivan P. Mishin, Olga Lykova, Il'ya Ratochka
The experimental data presented in Table 1 indicates that this additional annealing effectively restores the room temperature mechanical properties of the UFG Ti-55511 alloy to level corresponding to its initial state (ARP).
Additionally, the nucleation of new grains at grain boundaries may contribute to a reduction in the size of the larger grains appeared after compression.
The studies conducted in this work demonstrate that additional annealing of UFG Ti-55511 alloy samples at a temperature of 723 K, following compression, leads to a notable reduction in the volume fraction of the β-phase, the formation of new small grains with sizes under 0.1 μm, and the refinement of larger grains exceeding 0.6 μm.
Results indicate that compressing the alloy at a strain rate of about 10-2 s-1 and a temperature of 823 K (0.42 Tm) leads to only minimal growth of grain-subgrain structure elements, along with a slight reduction in ultimate strength compared to the initial state after all-round pressing.
This improvement is likely attributed to a significant reduction in the volume fraction of the β-phase, the formation of new, small grains measuring less than 0.1 μm, and the refinement of relatively larger grains exceeding 0.6 μm during the annealing process.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Reimund Neugebauer, Carsten Hochmuth, Martin Dix, Gerhard Schmidt
Substitution of the experimental test by Finite Element FE simulations, achieves both a reduction in the time and cost involved and permits design planning.
Fig. 3: Influence of the tool and cutting parameter on the specific cutting force kc It is clear that there is a reduction in the specific cutting force with increasing cutting depth and at higher cutting angles.
Turning off the pumps for the coolant equipment results in a reduction of 1.5 kW in the machine power required.
However this is accompanied by a drastic reduction in tool life.
The machine data must be included in the overall balance for the process.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: R. Premalatha, P. Murugesan
Fuzzification is a process to transform the non-fuzzy values like crisp data from the physical measurement into a fuzzy linguistic range, i.e.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Vu Viet Linh Nguyen, Dinh Hung Le, Minh Khanh Hao Phung, Thanh Trung Nguyen
A slight reduction in weight of around 7 wt % was observed from 25 to 150 °C, which can be explained due to the moisture elimination of the raw RH and RH film [24–26].
As shown in Fig. 4b, the DTG curve exhibits a sharp peak starting at 215 oC and reaching its maximum at 350 oC due to the significant weight reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose.
Fig.5 illustrates a reduction in moisture content and water absorption of WH film as the processing time increases from 4 to 24 mins.
This reduction was attributed to the gradual release of lignin from the WH fibers under pressing pressure and heat.
Author contributions: Dinh Hung Le: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Editing; Thanh Trung Nguyen: Methodology, Formal analysis; Minh Khanh Hao Phung: Data analysis, Writing; Vu Viet Linh Nguyen: Idea, Supervise, Reviewing, Editing.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Jun Ma
Introduction The complexity of modern product development requires more than the product of collaboration and participation [1], a variety of data-aided design software, and product relationship software applications, not only innovation in product design, product design, management also had a profound impact [2], the face of the product of large scale, complex, modern collaborative design methods are constantly improved and developed for collaborative design system is the integration of information and interactive features, product information through the establishment of a reasonable model, effectively Expression of collaborative design interactive information [4], emerged in some of the more practical collaborative design system.
The Relation in District Collaborative Design Comparing to the general design, the process of the District Collaborative Design is much more easier for the control and management because of the uniqueness of the module’s division, and which mainly reflected in the reduction of the coupling strength, the existence of these coupling will lead to further conflict on the collaborative design processes of information exchange, from Figure 1 we can get a point that the coupling relations existed in the collaborative design groups as well as the collaborative designers mainly include subjects coupling and variable coupling, while subject coupling is ultimately expressed through the variable coupling, but the coupling that built on the basis of regional collaboration is easier to be expressed, and in the collaborative design process, it can be more clearly establish the affiliation information expression which corresponded to the coupling.
In the collaborative design, for the feature that product data management (PDM) can solve longitudinal product design information, this paper provides the logical structure of collaborative design which need to embed the definition and management of transverse product design which based on the product data management PDM, embedding the relation definition and new content of design change for the partition in the logical structure, through adding flow control of PDM to achieve the definition of collaborative design relation and collaborative control mechanism of management.
The design system supporting level mainly provides data supporting, including design resource base, design knowledge base, design model base and design base itself; service level mainly provides some dedicated service of partition collaborative design, including routines design, task publish, search engine, standard interface, etc.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Lan Zong, Shi Ping Zhang, Liang Feng Dong, Wei Zhang
In the case of carbonation, chemical reaction between carbon dioxide from the air and the hydration products of cement in concrete causes a reduction in the alkalinity of concrete and consequently in its ability to protect the steel reinforcement from corrosion [2-5].
In order to validate the accelerated testing protocol, experimental data were analyzed to determine statistical differences in carbonation penetration through the crack surface produced by variations in crack width.
Experimental data were also analyzed to determine statistical differences in carbonation penetration through the crack surface produced by variations in crack width.
From these experimental data, we may deduce that crack will accelerate the carbonation of concrete, and the crack width of 0.1mm may be the threshold value for the influence of cracking on carbonation.
Observations and data presented in this paper support the following conclusions: 1.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Qing Wang, Song Pu Wu
Introduction Web information extraction is to search and identify data which is attractive to users, and convert the data into a structured and semantically clear form from unstructured or semi-structured information in the web page.
The testing data are given in Table 1.
Han, Uncertainty Reduction for Knowledge Discovery and Information Extraction on the World Wide Web [J].
Peng, A Stepwise Learning Approach to Automatic Discover Interest Data Block [C].
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hong Bin Qi, Zhong Yue Luan, De Hua Li
The ground of total phosphorus in water content reached 0.015mg L-1 is sufficient to cause eutrophication phenomenon, which in turn, has a harmful effect on aquatic life, resulting in a reduction in biodiversity as well as unfavorable human environmental health [3, 4].
In order to study the effect of different variables on the adsorption rate, based on the single factor experiment data, we choose three levels of each factor (pH value, calcium silicate slag concentration, oscillation time, temperature) to conducte orthogonal experiment.
Orthorhombic experiment data Number Variables Adsorption rate (%) Temperature(℃) Time(h) Concentration(g L-1) pH value 1 35 (1) 4 (1) 3 (1) 3.3 (1) 84.30 2 35 (1) 6 (2) 4 (2) 4.3 (2) 93.80 3 35 (1) 8 (3) 5 (3) 5.3 (3) 97.29 4 45 (2) 4 (1) 4 (2) 5.3 (3) 97.00 5 45 (2) 6 (2) 5 (3) 3.3 (1) 99.56 6 45 (2) 8 (3) 3 (1) 4.3 (2) 99.04 7 55 (3) 4 (1) 5 (3) 4.3 (2) 99.64 8 55 (3) 6 (2) 3 (1) 5.3 (3) 99.49 9 55 (3) 8 (3) 4 (2) 3.3 (1) 99.30 K1 275.39 280.94 282.83 283.16 K2 295.60 292.85 290.10 292.48 K3 298.43 295.63 296.49 293.78 Range 7.68 4.89 4.55 3.54 Fitting of adsorption isotherm.
Adsorption thermodynamic data Initial concentration (C0/mg L-1) 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 90.0 110.0 130.0 Final concentration (Ce/mg L-1) 0.5 1.0 2.3 11.7 19.0 24.7 36.5 Adsorption capacity (qe/mg g-1) 3.2 9.7 15.9 19.4 23.7 28.4 31.2 Fig.5.
Tab.4 Adsorption kinetics data Time (t/min-1) 30 60 120 180 240 360 480 600 720 Adsorption capacity (qt /mg g-1) 11.7 14.5 15.3 15.6 16.1 16.0 17.4 18.6 20.8 Fig.6.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Hua Qiang, Rui Yang, Guo Dong Zhang
According to the requirements of the minimum resolution, we can carry on 8-layer decomposition to the original EEG data.
According to wavelet decomposition and reconstruction (Mallat algorithm), if is the discrete sampling data of signal, then orthogonal wavelet transform decomposition type of the signal is : (2) Where is the scale coefficient, is the wavelet coefficients, is a pair of quadrature mirror filter (QMF), is the decomposition level, is the discrete sampling points.
Fig.3: EEG signals after denoising Baseline drift filter based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method.The waveform of the baseline drift is shown in Fig.4 (the data is from the slp02a in MIT-BIH, which is interception from 2:22:50 to 2:22:58 in the EEG; the reference lead is 02-A1).
a. before filtering b. after filtering Fig.9: Power spectrum topographic map of EEG before and after Sharp pulse interference filter EMG interference filter based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method and modulus maximum method.The waveform of EMG interference is shown in Fig.10 (data is from the slp01b in MIT-BIH, which is interception from 0:10:16 to 0:10:24 in the EEG, the reference electrode is C4-A1).
Wavelet transform method based on EEG Spike recognition and noise reduction.
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