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The mucoadhesive property of FFSs was verified with the wash-off method.
Furthermore, the pain of aphthous stomatitis can affect emotional stability as well as decrease the quality of life [4, 5].
FFS containing Kaempferia parviflora extract for aphthous ulcers was developed and investigated the properties of FFS.
The polymer (PVP, HPMC or HPC) was incorporated into the FFSs for improvement of the mucoadhesive property.
Summary A novel mucoadhesive film-forming system consisting of Eudragit® E100, which has film-forming properties, with additional mucoadhesive properties of additive polymers, that allowed prolonged contact with the mucosal surface.

Chitin and chitosan are recommended as suitable functional materials because these natural polymers have excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, adsorption properties, etc.
The properties of chitosan are greatly affected by the process conditions that control the process of deacetylation occurs.
The material photodegradation properties were evaluated, MB photodegradation on TiO2-chitosan hybrid materials was of 91%.
The biggest advantage of ZnO is low in price, good gas sensing properties, photocatalytic activity, antibacterial activity, possibility to prepare structures with interesting optical properties, etc.
Parameters affecting the photocatalytic decolourization process, such as photocatalyst amount, solution pH, initial AR 66 concentration plays an important role in Photocatalytic activity.

However, NCs still needs improvement in term of their microstructural and optical properties.
Metal oxide nanoparticles are also well-though-out as reinforcement for nanocomposite related applications due to their stabilization and physical and chemical properties [11].
Blau, Synthesis, electrical and magnetotransport properties of polypyrrole-MWCNT nanocomposite. 
Kang, Factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors assembled with polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite electrodes, Electrochimica acta, 78 (2012) 649-655
Mahalingam, Investigation on optical, morphological and thermal properties of spray coated polypyrrole film. 

The predominance of surface diffusion over vacancy diffusion, or vice versa, depends on the temperature and material properties.
If GB does not affect diffusion fluxes around the GB, both JsA and JsB vanish in the root of the groove.
We see that all values of �i and Hi can be found from Eq. 31 and 33 as a function of two dimensionless parameters �, and � that characterize the material properties.
� = � = 2 0 31 2 i ii int H A � &� � 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 � = 5 � = 0.05 � = 0.2 � = 1 � = 0.01 Aint � Concluding remarks A full description of capillary driven shape changes of multi-component solid that takes into account the difference in component properties and the mechanisms of mass transfer is very important but complicated problem.
The changes of surface composition that occur in the vicinity of GB can be significantly affected by the requirement of mechanical equilibrium in the root of GB groove.

Hu3 1 School of Automobile, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China 3 Dept.0f Mech.
On the 17-inch screen, the enlargement factor of the image is about 300.
Fig. 4 The schematic diagram of block electrode discharge grinding Fig. 5 Microelectrodes ground by BEDG Theoretical of Machining Gap When machining holes with cylindrical electrode, the real gap between the electrode surface and the hole wall is the sum of the breakdown gap, the depth of discharge crater and the gap caused by other factors.
The gap caused by other factors is expressed by Hm.
So Hm is not a key factor.

The kinetic hydration of cement is widely studied in the literature and some of these papers reported the chemical, physical and mechanical behaviour [2-5].
The pre-exponential factors and E depend on the paste formulation.
The addition of clay to PVA did not affect the hydration kinetics.
Strawhecker and E.Manias, Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Na+ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Chemical Materials, Vol. 12 (2000) p.2943 [16] N Ogata, S Kawakage and T Ogihara, Poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay and Poly(ethylene oxide)-clay Blends Prepared Using Water as Solvent, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.66 (1997) p. 573 [17] L Ludueña, V.
Alvarez, Evaluation of Methods for Stiffness Predictions of Polymer Based nanocomposites: Theoretical Background and Examples of Applications (PCL-clay nanocomposites). in Nanomaterials: Properties, Preparation and Processes by Silva, Cabral and Cabral V.

Additionally, physical properties of the Al2O3-ZnO hybrid nanofluid, such as thermal and electrical conductivity are investigated.
The most significant factor impacting the thermal conductivity and other thermophysical properties of nanofluids is the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, which is brought on by an increase in particle number at higher concentrations [16].
Addali, A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties, J.
Geng, Investigation and prediction of optical properties of alumina nanofluids with different aggregation properties, Int.
Metselaar, A review of nanofluid stability properties and characterization in stationary conditions, Int.

The combustion wave depends on thermophysical properties and heat transfer criteria of product.
Also grainboundary phases and grain size influences the properties to a large extent.
Excellent properties make these borides ideal candidates for high temperature applications requiring wear, oxidation and corrosion resistance.
The sintered pellets were having high electrical conductivity and had good mechanical properties.
Though high densities were achieved by sintering in a furnace, the large grain-growth degraded the mechanical properties of the composite.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a well-known photocatalyst due to its good optical and morphological properties, and it is non-toxicity.
The photocatalytic behavior of thin films is influenced by various factors, such as the preparation method [23] or by the synthesis conditions of the films, such as annealing temperatures, withdrawal speed, doping nature, and film properties such as thickness, structure, morphology, crystallographic plane orientation, and optical bandgap [16, 24-29].
The substrate importance type has been experimentally demonstrated, as it has a significant effect on all the properties, structural, morphological, and optical properties, and thus on the photocatalytic properties [33, 34].
Chemistry, Effect of glass substrate and deposition technique on the properties of sol gel TiO2 thin films, J.
Sorrell, Properties and performance of photocatalytic CeO2, TiO2, and CeO2-TiO2 layered thin films, Ceram.

However, in the real case of stainless steel, the situation is more complex since the other oxides can also be formed and water vapour can also affect the other properties of the metal-scale system.
Water vapour cannot only lead to the catastrophic oxidation, it can also change the properties of the oxide-metal system.
This may affect one or more following factors: oxygen solubility, oxygen diffusivity in alloys, alloy interdiffusion coefficient and parabolic rate constant [51].
In the case that water vapour cannot significantly enter the oxide and change its transport properties, the surface reaction especially the dissociation of the adsorbed OH to the adsorbed O can be a rate determining step.
Water vapour can also affect the other properties of stainless steel or the oxide scale.