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Theoretical Research Influence of polymers on the hydration of cement The macroscopic properties of CPC determine its application scenarios directly, meanwhile the macroscopic properties are determined by the hydrates and corresponding microstructure of CPC directly.
Ohama, Principle of latex modification and some typical properties of latex-modified mortars and concrete, J.
Zhang, et al, Effects of CMC polymer on mechanical properties of cement mortars, J.
Liu, et al, Preparation and properties of an environment friendly polymer-modified waterproof mortar, J.
Chang, Evaluation of mechanical properties of polymer concretes for the rapid repair of runways, J.

The presence of Mn dispersoids is also a crucial factor in enhancing the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys [4]. 2xxx alloys with Mn and Zr present great potential to enhance its strength with the optimum control of Mn and Zr.
This result implies that not only the fraction recrystallized but the mechanism of microstructural evolution are affected by the presence of Mn.
[3] Staley, J.T., Properties Related to Fracture Toughness, ASTM STP 605, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976

TiB2-(Ti,W)C Eutectic Composite Ceramics Prepared by Combustion Synthesis under High Gravity Xuegang Huang, Long Zhang, Zhongmin Zhaoa, Chuanzeng Pan and Guanling Su Laboratory of Special Ceramics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China a zhaozm2007@Yahoo.cn Keywords: TiB2-(Ti,W)C composite; Combustion synthesis; High gravity; Structure transformation Abstract.
Introduction TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics exhibited superior properties such as high hardness and good chemical stability at high temperature in comparison to the conventional ceramet based on TiC and WC [1].
Currently, TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics have been prepared by hot-pressing or reactive hot-pressing, the two processes both require long exposures at high temperatures due to high degree of covalent bonding and the low self-diffusion coefficients of the constituent elements, hence, the high processing temperature adversely affects the microstructures of the materials due to grain growth and also increases the cost [2].
In terms of the current investigation of TiC-TiB2 quasi-eutectic composites prepared by combustion synthesis under high gravity recently [5], the WO3 was introduced into the combustion synthesis as another oxidants in thermit to avoid macrocracks by increasing the melting temperature of alloy liquid, and large-bulk, full-dense TiB2-(Ti,W)C eutectic composite ceramics were achieved, the correlations of the microstructures, structure formation and properties of these solidified TiB2-(Ti,W)C eutectic composite were discussed.
According to the literature [8], the key factor controlling the densification process of TiB2-(Ti,W)C is the liquid phase formed in the products.

Moreover, Garbacz [5] showed that in most cases acoustic properties of PCC are close to those for concrete substrate and NDT procedures developed for concrete assessment can be used for evaluation of repair efficiency [6].
Taking into account results of investigation of similar concrete slabs placed close to measurements place it can be assumed that carbonation did not affect NDT measurements [7].
Impact-Echo, IE: mechanical impact used to generate the stress waves; high penetration of concrete, frequency analysis of waveform. - evaluation of thickness of concrete slab and thick overlays, - defect detection in concrete, like flaws, delamination, honeycombing, debonding, - estimation of depth of surface-opening cracks. - detection of large defects, relatively deeply located, - needs expert for interpretation of results.
Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR: short electromagnetic pulses are used; variations in the electromagnetic properties are related to the presence of heterogeneities. - detection of delamination, - locating reinforcing bars in structures, - measurement of pavement thickness, - measurements of water content of fresh concrete. - improper estimation of relative dielectric constant resulted in large error, - results depends on in-situ conditions, - needs expert for interpretation of results.
The detection is possible if for D/t > 0,3 (D - steel bar diameter, t - cover thickness) and the fbar can be calculated from the equation: fbar = acp/4t, where cp – wave speed [m/s], t – coating thickness [mm], a - empirical factor depending on D/t ratio.

Reference [2] studied the optimum design of the planetary gear drive of mechanical spindle speeder for high-speed machine tool.
(2) The EMI directly affects the energy consumption of the drive motor, especially for the gearbox of frequent start-up and braking.
The purpose of structural topology optimization is to seek the optimum distribution of structural stiffness or the optimum force transmission route of the structure within a given design space, so as to optimize some properties or reduce the weight of the structure.
The material properties of the discrete elements are defined as constant, and the relative densities of the discrete elements xe (where e is the element number) are defined as design variables.
And assume that E0 and E are respectively the Young's modulus of the initial and optimized element, k0 and k are respectively the stiffness matrix of the initial and optimized element, then E=(xe) pE0, k=(xe) pk0, where p is penalty factor p>1.

The initial adsorbate concentration was one of the factors that affect the adsorption capacity in this study.
Cranston, Chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal aerogels with shape recovery and superabsorbent properties, Chem.
Headley, Adsorption properties of cross-linked cellulose-epichlorohydrin polymers in aqueous solution, Carbohydr.
Narayanasamy, Microstructural, physico-chemical and mechanical characterisation of Sansevieria cylindrica fibres - An exploratory investigation, Mater.
Saravanakumar, Isolation and characterization of cellulose fibers from Thespesia populnea barks: A study on physicochemical and structural properties, Int.

The EIS tests revealed the characteristic current-voltage properties of pristine Co-MOFs and carbon nanosphere-doped Co-MOFs.
Previous experimental studies have shown that incorporation of CNS into the MOFs can affect specific MoF properties such as morphology, crystallinity, and electrochemical performance, [24, 25].
Li, Mechanical properties and processing Techniques of bulk metal–organic framework glasses.
Sikhwivhilu, Synthesis, Morphology and Lead Ion Adsorption Properties of Metal Organic Frameworks of Copper and Cobalt.
Nguyen, Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties.

Introduction As one of the lightest structural materials, magnesium alloy is considered one of the most promising structural materials and received widespread attention all over the world with its abundant resources, superior mechanical and casting properties, and excellent cost-effective.
However, there are many processing parameters that can influence the distance, such as wheel speed, gas ejection pressure, and melting temperature.[7,8] When both of the gas ejection pressure and melting temperature are stable, the quantity and thermal physical properties of the melt are constant.
The quasicrystal formation depends on two factors including the cooling rate and alloy composition.
The cooling rate directly affects the quasicrystal nucleation and growth process.
Zhang: Microstructure and properties of rapidly solidified Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy ribbons.

Adsorption was recognized for its economic viability, technological effectiveness, thermally stability, corrosion resistance, high load capacity, and tunable surface properties.
The adsorption methods offered numerous advantages, comprising relatively high thermal stability, corrosion resistance, high loading capacity, and adjustable surface properties [7].
Several factors influenced the adsorption process, such as adsorbate concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature [90].
Silica nanoparticles offer numerous advantageous properties, including a large surface area, excellent heat resistance, high mechanical strength, and inertness, making the nanoparticles ideal for catalyst precursor, adsorbent, and composite filter [17].
Eliche-Quesada, ‘Effect of olive-pine bottom ash on properties of geopolymers based on metakaolin’, Materials, vol. 13, no. 4, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ma13040901

Introduction Shrinkage cracking existing like cancer would affect the durability of cement-based materials and the safety of the building structure.
The authors considered that K value would be affected by some factors in the following aspects, namely material composition parameters (including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, fiber content, fiber length, superplasticizer content and fly ash content), environmental parameters (including temperature, humidity, wind velocity and light intensity, characterized by water loss evaporation rate), initial structural parameters (segregation degree), and constraints condition parameters (constraint degree).
Based on these, the seven-element constitutive equation of plain mortar and the nine-element constitutive equation of the mortar with fiber when the factors of four aspects all changed were established in this paper, and were verified outdoors.
The multivariate constitutive equation (1) of K on seven factors is established as follows: K=5.23×0.110Wc×1.77Sc×0.990FA×0.460P×0.370Cd×1.93Sd×0.0740v (1) where Wc = water-cement ratio, Sc = aggregate-cement ratio, FA = fly ash content (%·c, c is the cement content (kg), the same below), P = superplasticizer content (%·c), Cd = constraint degree, Sd = segregation degree (cm), v = water loss evaporation rate (kg·m-2·h-1).
Effects of polypropylene fibres on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based composites (I)--plastic shrinkage cracking resistance, J.