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Therefore,the cutting forces stability was an important factor that influence the hole quality.
In recent years, aluminum alloys is considered to be one of the most promising material and have an increasing demand in the automotive and aerospace industries due to its unique physical and mechanical properties, such like its higher strength-to-weight ratio and some specific characteristics [2,3].
Wiercigroch and Krivtsov [6] have shown that friction between the tool and workpiece could affects the dynamics of machining process and may cause the self-excited vibration of machining system.
For obtaining a step hole with high quality, the factors, which could effect the hole quality and stability of the machining process, such as stiffness of the machine tools and cutting tools,fixture of the workpiece, cutting parameters, and lubrication, need to be taken into consideration[13].
The wet machining were employed in the single-shot drilling to reduce the heat and mechanical damage to the pilot holes.

Properties and Production of Neutrons 2.1.
Properties of Neutrons.
The properties of the neutron are listed in Table 1.
Properties of the neutron.
F(220) is the sum of the scattering factors and is order-independent.

With the definition, the generalized lognormal distribution function is: （4） where, the parameters and now reflect the properties of the distribution of rather than the diameter d.
Papayianni, The role of aggregates on the structure and properties of lime mortars.
Neville, Properties of Concrete (4th ed.)Longman, Essex, England (1995) [14] X.
Gite,Effect of types of fine aggregate on mechanical properties of cement mortar.
Perry, Pore structure on mortars applied on restoration: effect on properties relevant to decay of granite buildings, Cem.

Generally, a spool with certain shape can be used to improve this factor [3].
The rotation of the spool will damage the end surface of the slide valve, damage the retaining spring, and in the end affect the dynamic performance of the entire hydraulic system.
Conclusions Hydraulic slide valve is not only the key component but also the main component for energy loss, so the property of slide valve is significant for hydraulic control system.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.Vol.40 (2004), p. 99-102

In FSW, the heat transfer is very important factor.
Table 1 Material property Material A1100 Density[kg/m3] 2710 Thermal conductivity[W/m･K] 234 Specific heat[J/Kg･K] 900 a[MPa-1] 0.045 A exp(24.67) n 5.66 Q 158300 Calculated result The illustration of analyzed model is showed in Fig.1 and initial particle arrangement which correspond to Fig.1 is showed in Fig.2.
As a result, the flow is very affected by shoulder rotation.
[4] M Song and R Kovacevic, “Numerical and experimental study of the heat transfer process in friction stir welding”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217 (1), pp. 73-85

From an industrial point of view, on-line models for the prediction of microstructure and mechanical properties are commonly utilized to speed up steel development and to optimize production parameters like alloying contents and processing temperatures [2-4].
The activation energy of recrystallization Q varies from 180 kJ to 300 kJ [2, 5] and should be increased by a certain factor accounting for the solute drag effect of microalloying elements [5].
In the steady state, the nucleation rate Js can be defined , (6) where Z is the Zeldovich non-equilibrium factor, β is the rate at which solute atoms join the critical nucleus, Nt is the number of potential nucleation sites per unit volume, ΔGn is the free energy of activation for formation of the critical nucleus and kT is the product of Boltzmann’s constant k and the absolute temperature T [17].
However, the volume fraction of precipitation is too small to affect the static recrystallization.
Buchmayr: in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Phase Transformations During the Thermal/Mechanical Processing of Steel, edited by E.B.

Due to the complexity of the structure near the cutout, FEM software is commonly used to analyze the mechanical behavior of the structure to compare with results obtained by equations from specifications.
Besides, compared with the thickness of the strengthening coaming , some of the cutouts have a relatively smaller diameter, they are unable to meet the basic properties of the shell element in ANSYS.
According to the formulas of the XU’s book, theoretical buckling pressure of a rib-stiffened cylindrical shell with a cutout and coaming reinforcement is p0, shown as equation 1: p0=βσT+β'σT'tR (1) Where β and β'are the bearing capacity factors of the shell plate and coaming, which can be obtained through geometric interpolation by using cylindrical shell’s parameters. σT and σT' were yield strength of materials of shell plates and the strengthening coaming.
The affected region include the cutout , its coaming and shell plates and ribs that located in the circle area of two times the outer radius of the cutout.
The main findings are listed as follows: 1 The combination model of solid element and shell element could precisely simulate the mechanical behavior of cylindrical shell with a cutout and give an accurate forecast of the collapse pressure. 2 S-E model used in this paper could save the calculating time for computers and provide feasible results compared with solid model and shell model.

In this context, understanding the relationship between complex factors of both materials and cells, requires the use of tests involving their direct contact.
However, the use of these methods to evaluate cell density alone necessarily assumes that (i) the material does not affect specifically the viability principle employed (e.g.: mitochondrial activity for the MTT test) and (ii) that the material does not interfere nonspecifically with the reagents or products of the test.
Porous hydroxyapatite, with its highly adsorptive properties, seems to include high levels of DAPI (Fig. 3A), generating a very blurred signal, as compared to that obtained with titanium (Fig. 3B).
Clyne, Characterisation of Cell Adhesion to Substrate Materials and the Resistance to Enzymatic and Mechanical Cell-Removal, Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials and Biomaterials Proceedings 1097 (2008) Epaper 08_GG3-5

Othman4,d 1,2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. 1,4 Department of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Management and Science University, Malaysia.
The loss coefficient represents the energy loss of the ball valve that may be affected by variation in the inlet velocity and the Reynold’s number [14].
Waring, “Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance.”
Leephakpreeda, “Design factors for ‘ linear ’ ball valve : theoretical and experimental studies,” no.

Lei College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China Keywords: Electroforming, Electrodeposition, Nanocrystalline material, Ni-Mn alloy Abstract.
The mechanical properties of electroformed articles can vary by changing electrolyte selection and operating conditions.
Therefore, the reduction of crystalline sizes of the deposit down to the order of nanometer will also be an important way for the improvement of the properties of the electroformed layer.
Mn content of the electroformed Ni-Mn alloy is an important factor that affects the microstructure and properties of the alloy.
Microhardness of the electroformed layer of Ni-Mn alloy is mainly dependent on its composition and microstructure, and is a comprehensive performance of related properties.