Search results

Finally, it is shown how this new MPH lubrication model can be implemented in a cold rolling model to maximize mills capabilities, determine optimum rolling oils properties and predict roughness transfer.
The oil film n° 3 can be formed by the plate-out on rolls surface and / or, a recycled film coming from the roll bite exit meniscus, potentially affected by exit roll cooling and passing through the back-up–work rolls contact able to wiping effects.
The ratio between the initial free volumes and entrapped oil quantity is a dominant factor and could create threshold effects.
Due to MPH lubrication, reduction is one of the major factors influencing roll bite friction through the reduction of pocket volume by plastic deformation: the higher the reduction is, the lower the friction is.
¡ Optimum rolling oils properties: to determine optimum rolling oil properties that minimizes friction (so maximizes strip reduction) while stable rolling condition is obtained (positive forward slip).

Several reviews have been published on the formation [6–8], stress [9] and properties [10] of these silicide films with thickness in the range of a few hundreds of nms.
In order to get a better understanding of diffusion processes during silicide formation, it is thus important to determine the influence of these different factors.
They evaluate the different factors affecting diffusion during silicide formation by comparing the kinetics of growth of thin films and bulk diffusion couples with the diffusion parameters (lattice and GB diffusion coefficients) measured by classical diffusion methods.
Bisi, Electrical and optical properties of silicide single crystals and thin films, Mater.
Bergman, Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of kinetic factors involved in salicide process, Appl.

Another part of analysis was assessment of factors affecting level of safety margin and their participation in assuring the margin.
For the compressive strength these factors were 4% and 16% accordingly and for the tensile strength they were 6% and 19% accordingly.
The last factor analyzed for the purpose of this study was the impact of the variation of individual parameters included in models of shear resistance on the coefficient of variation the resultant distributions obtained from simulation.
Koper: Determination of basic mechanical properties of modern construction concrete, (in Polish), PhD thesis, Warsaw University of Technology, Płock, 1999

The weakness of etching technique is due to its unrepeatability properties which leads to the less stable sensor.
The absorbance properties of gold nanoparticles were then investigated via UV-Vis analysis.
The main factor is due to the large signal attenuation because of the mismatch between incident light and the optical properties of FBG itself.
Malaysian Tualang Honey and Its Potential Anti-Cancer Properties: A Review.
Physicochemical Properties of Indian Honey at Different Concentrations and Temperatures.

Furthermore, IPMSM presents enhanced mechanical robustness, compared to surface mounted PM motors, due to its particular rotor structure, where the PMs are placed in particular cavities in the iron laminations, as shown in Fig.1.
Design characteristics and operational specifications of prototype EV-propulsion Double Layer IPMSM Design Parameters Basic operating IPMSM drive system properties Poles / Slots 4 / 36 Base / maximum speed (rpm) 2500 / 6370 Stator Diameter / Active Length (mm) 180 / 105 Continuous torque below and at base speed (Nm) 50 Airgap radius / length (mm) 53.02 / 1 Copper fill factor / Armature resistance (mΩ) 0.51 / 22.7 1st / 2nd PM layer length (mm) 17.1 / 33.5 Φmag=Flux linkage induced by PMs (Wb) 0.1002 1st / 2nd PM layer width (mm) 4.87 / 1.4 Differential Gear ratio / Maximum vehicle speed (km/h) 6:1 / 120 Tooth length / width (mm) 23.16 / 4 Nominal DC link voltage (V) 250 The torque and armature voltage, considering sinusoidal input current, waveforms at four representative operating points of NEDC are illustrated in Fig.2a and Fig.2b, respectively.
Cross-saturated synchronous inductances Ld and Lq are calculated as: (1) (2) From the results illustrated in Fig.3, it can be observed that the magnetic saturation induces significant reduction in d-q axis inductances, while the cross coupling effect mainly affects the d-axis inductance, especially at low values of d-axis current.

The aim of this paper is therefore to describe the development of a novel refractory castable system utilising the in-situ formation of aluminium titanate which in combination with matrix chemistry control and thermo-mechanical property design, greatly inhibited the adhesion of process flux on the refractory walls.
The mobility of iron titanate and in particular the additional fluxing affect of FeO/ Fe2O3 also playing a significant role.
Refractory Matrix Modification A generic ~70% Al2O3 refractory composition was developed previously with a focus on optimizing the thermo-mechanical properties [4].
A factor screening model (Taguchi experimental design) was adopted with an L9 array designed to concurrently evaluate the interaction of fine and coarse grade TiO2 with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and fine Al2O3.
In order to further improve strength, it was found necessary to re-introduce the fumed silica which greatly improved the mix rheological properties despite fears of its potentially negative effect upon SREP adhesion resistance.

A special attention will be paid to the application of the SIMS profiling to fine grained materials with potentially a strong heterogeneity of the local kinetic properties.
Furthermore, each sectioning method has its benefits depending on materials properties.
Thus, depending on the material properties, fine sections with a thickness down to about 0.3 µm up to comparable rough sections with a thicknessof several tens of microns can be produced.
These alloys are exemplary for the mechanical sectioning method due to the materials properties [53, 54, 55, 56, 57].
The accuracy of the XRD determination of the diffusion coefficient is determined by several factors: 1.

The material properties are presented in Table 1.
Each layer was modeled using the 3-D linear orthotropic constitutive model available in ABAQUS with mechanical properties listed in Table 1.
This occurs due to the increase in the crack size and especially by modifying the elastic properties of the epoxy matrix.
This is because it did not include the modifications in the material properties in the model.
It’s occurs because the values of the physical and elastic properties of the numerical model do not suffer hygrothermal changes.

The gaharu only forms in condition of which the area of the tree has been affected by certain disease [2].
The solvent types and polarity indexes are the main influencing factors of gaharu oleoresin and oil extraction [4,5].
The mean diameter of the wood particles was determined by mechanical sieving separator.
Properties of gaharu oleoresin extracted using methanol and ethanol Properties Methanol Ethanol Viscosity [mPas] 8.06 ± 0.010 6.91 ± 0.012 TDS [mg/ml] 2.97 ± 0.058 1.93 ± 0.058 TPC [mg GAE/g sample] 80.17 ± 0.051 77.19 ± 0.036 OC [% w/w] 1.35 ± 0.007 1.23 ± 0.009 Table 2.
Misihairabgwi, Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Kirkia wilmsii tubers, Asia Pac.

High-intensity neutron powder diffraction offers opportunities in time- and parameterresolved diffraction, in investigation of small samples, or the precise intensity measurement to determine structure factors of disordered samples or weak peak intensities by differential diffraction.
This preferred orientation, or texture, can determine a material’s properties or divulge a material’s history.
Structure factors: Disordered materials.
The determination of the structure factor of liquids or amorphous materials needs a very good counting statistics over a large Q-range.
Therefore, a high intensity of detected neutrons is needed, but also good detection stability, a low instrumental background, which has to be subtracted and affects statistics, a low wavelength and a reproducible, stable sample position and environment control.