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Introduction In part design, production technology often is a limiting factor concerning the geometrical freedom [1], for example in case of geometrical accessibility in cutting processes or draft angles in casting.
The examinations are performed by Finite-Element-Analyses (FEA) in order to calculate the mechanical properties and the potential for lightweight design of the particular structures.
The material used in the simulation is aluminium 6061 without thermal treatment, which has the following mechanical properties: - Young’s modulus: 58.1 GPa - Limit of elasticity: 55 MPa - Tensile strength: 125 MPa - Density: 2.711 g/cm³ The strut diameter for all optimization approaches is kept constant at 2 mm, because only an adaption of the course of the lattice structure is considered in the investigation.
In total, it can be stated that inside the horizontal struts, a large part of the overall stress is affected by bending loads.
Table 1: Masses and characteristic values for the investigated specimen periodic structure flux of force adapted adapted with straight struts mass [g] 147.5 83.57 83.58 stiffness/mass [N/(mm*g)] 14.36 25.92 27.72 elasticity strength/mass [N/g] 2.757 2.646 6.183 Based on the presented examinations and results, it can be concluded that a flux of force adaption of lattice structures with straight struts is a very proper approach in order to reach good properties for lightweight design.

Thus it has been speculated that explosive ignition by mechanical insults is triggered by a localized conversion of mechanical energy into heat in a small volume (a hot spot).
A mechanical analogy of localized heating is stress concentration at defects that can cause a mechanical failure well below the theoretical strength.
Therefore, the response behavior of explosives is dependent on a variety of factors such as material properties, microstructure, insults, insult types and history, and environment (boundary conditions).
They are mechanical, thermal, electrical, and shock-wave-induced in nature.
Those currently used for munitions design do not incorporate meso- and micro-scopic descriptions of various thermo-physical, chemical and mechanical processes that affect threat response.

Basically, fouling is influenced by three factors namely the membrane properties, solute (solution) properties, and operating parameters [2].
Those factors can interact with each other and give rise to quite different effects in combination than if these factors were studied individually or with model systems.
This method has many advantages such as (i) the ability to modify the polymer surface to have distinct properties through the choice of different monomers, (ii) the controllable introduction of graft chains with a high density and exact localization to the surface, without affecting the bulk properties, and (iii) long term chemical stability, which is assured by covalent attachment of graft chains [1,50].
The modified membranes have high fluxes and in some cases excellent protein repellent properties.
Santerre, Influence of processing conditions on the properties of ultrafiltration membranes, J.

Reducing agent/metal salt/surfactant solution system with different concentration of NaHSO3, LiBr and SDS was added in a four-necked flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, water condenser and nitrogen inlet.
In addition, mercaptoethanol or mercaptoacetic acid has toxic property and strong irritating smell, which was inconvenient in operation and could not meet environmental protection requirement due to the toxic reaction residue.
By combining above factors, the SDS concentration of 0.02mol / L was selected as the optimal condition.
It can be concluded that the WDR and KER were significantly affected by the pH value.

A Study of Waste-Heat Recovery Unit for Power Transformer Zi-Jie Chien1,a, Hung-Pin Cho2,b, Ching-Song Jwo1,c, Sih-Li Chen2,d and Yi-Lun Lin1,e 1Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan azijie80@gmail.com, bd97522008@ntu.edu.tw, cfrankjwo@ntut.edu.tw, dslchen01@ntu.edu.tw, eu121374@taipower.com.tw Keywords: heat recovery; transformer; refrigeration heating; solar energy; green energy Abstract.
The kinetic property of adsorbent affects the dynamic state of adsorption heat transformer significantly.
The computing equation is given below: (1) where V is the voltage, I is the current, COSΘ is the power factor of transformer load The copper loss increases greatly when the load current of transformer increases, and the temperature of transformer rises significantly.
The transformer capacity is 7.5KVA, the copper loss is reduced by 855.47 W (electrical resistance decreases), the efficiency is increased by 11.25%: (set power factor is 0.9) Full load efficiency＝full load power / [full load power + full load copper loss + iron loss (value is too small to be counted)] η＝(7500×0.9)/(7500×0.9+855.47+0)＝6750/7605.47＝0.8875 The efficiency is increased =(1-0. 8875) ×100%＝11.25% Conclusions The experimental results showed that, when the full load is used as operating load of the waste heat recovery system for transformer, the effects are as follows.

The high-frequency current that flows through a transmission line is dependent on the shape of the specimen and on the electromagnetic physical properties.
Moreover, by virtue of the property that ceramic materials pass current at high frequency, this technique can even be applied to a non-conductive material like ceramics.
Moreover, the signal characteristics of high frequency transmission lines are dependent on the physical properties of the dielectric between the conductive materials.
Measurement result of the fatigue crack in paramagnetic material Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) depends not only on the depth of the fatigue crack, but is affected by other factors, such as the opening width of the crack, dents, etc.
Sato: Transaction of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engneering (A) Vol.65 (1999), pp.925-931

Mourelatos b, and Jing Lic Mechanical Engineering Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA a asingh2@oakland.edu, b mourelat@oakland.edu, cli2@oakland.edu Keywords: Design, Lifecycle Cost, Maintenance, Time-dependent Reliability Abstract.
In reality, as time goes on, degradation in the components (e.g. material properties) and stochastic operating conditions (loading, environmental conditions, etc.), cause these products to deliver inconsistent performance and sometimes to even fail prematurely.
This can be achieved by selecting the dimensions and materials so that their possible degradation does not affect the performance of the system.
K., "Dependability-Based Design Optimization of Degrading Engineering Systems," Journal of Mechanical Design, 131, 2009
P., "Time-Dependent Reliability Estimation for Dynamic Problems using a Niching Genetic Algorithm," ASME Journal of Mechanical Design," 131(7), 2009

The excellent mechanical properties of austenitic Fe-Mn-C steels arise basically from two main features [1, 2]: § This steel is fully austenitic in a temperature range from -100°C to +300°C
§ The work hardening coefficient is high (n > 0.4) due to a strong mechanical twinning rate.
At room temperature, the stacking fault energy of austenitic Fe-Mn-C alloys is low enough to put in competition mechanical twinning and dislocation glide.
In the complete form, this relationship gives the triple product s´δ´DGB, where s is the segregation factor.
Whereas the grain size of these grades is the same (2mm), a comparison of the profiles shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5 suggests that the alloying elements affect the respective contribution of bulk and short-circuit in D absorption.

Although the increasing performance of microprocessor is developing very fast, the temperature at the junction of an electronic package (chip temperature) has become the limiting factor that determines the lifetime of the microprocessor.
The motherboard thickness is 0.015cm and thickness of chips is 0.3cm each, both made from epoxy molding compound (EMC). 52.5cm Outlet Wind Tunnel 33.3cm 3cm 8cm 10cm Inlet 1 2 3 4 9cm a) Four PLCC Outlet 52.5cm 33.3cm 5 6 7 8 3cm 8cm 10cm Inlet 1 2 3 4 Wind Tunnel 9cm b) Eight PLCC 9 cm 7 cm 10 cm Mother Board (PCB) c) Front view Fig. 1 : Simulation setup for 4 and 8 PLCC packages Table 1 : Dimension of components used in simulation Component Quantity Size(cm3) Wind tunnel 1 52.5x10x10 Motherboard 1 33.3x0.15x8 Chip 4,8 2x0.3x2 A combined model is used for packages and the properties of the packages are uniform.
It is tolerable as slight difference in shape may not affect the simulation result.
Kuat, CFD application in Electronics System Cooling, Final Year Project, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1998
[23] B.Jayakumar, G.A Quadir, M.Z.Abdullah and K.N.Setharamu, Three Dimensional CFD Conjugate Analysis Of Two Inline PLCC Packages Horizontally Mounted, School Of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2002

Although the mechanical behavior of BMGs is being studied widely, the fatigue characteristics are poorly understood.
BMGs exhibit many excellent properties: high strength; high hardness; low coefficients of friction; high wear resistance; high corrosion resistance; low shrinkage during cooling; and almost perfect as-cast surfaces [9-12].
Many factors, such as the mean stress, specimen geometry, chemical environment, sample quality, residual stress, and surface condition, could affect the fatigue behavior of BMGs.
The stress-concentration factor (Kt) of 1.55 [19-23] was employed on the stress-range values at the notched section.
Note that the stress range here didn't include the stress concentration factor that resulted from the notch.