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Furthermore, the Cu {111} interplanar lattice spacing is always smaller that that of bulk Cu {111}, which implying the existence of nanosized grains of Cu in these films.
It can be seen that )0(ρ has a non-monotonic relationship with volume fraction, which is in agreement with Co-Ag and Co-Cu systems [9], and is far larger than that in bulk alloy system because there exist a large number of (a) (b) Fig.2The TEM analysis of FeNi(32vol.%)-Cu film sputtered at RT (a) Selected area diffraction pattern (b) Dark field image (a) (b) Fig.3 The TEM analysis of FeNi(32vol.%)-Cu film annealed under 573 K.

In the process of degreasing, there are a large number of pores left in the samples after binder decomposition, which leads to gas infiltrating out from the internal pores of samples[6].
The surface energy of coarse large size grains is low and the contraction is not obvious after heat preservation at 1000˚C for 2h.

It has been demonstrated that the macroparticles have some undesirable effects such as the local loss of coating adhesion [21, 22], surface roughening [10,11,18, 23], grain coarsening [23], large voided regions [23], formation of craters due to self-repulsion mechanism of droplets [21] and surface craters resulting from the detachment of the macroparticles [11, 18].
With the increasing of the number of damage centers and their enlarging, they linked themselves to damage islands.

For precise calculation, mesh number was 50000,friction factor was 0.08.
As showen in Fig.2(b), when fine blanking process was about to finish, the metallic grain in fierce deformation area were dragged into a line, connecting the part and the excess stock, at last broke because of the development of micro flow between the punch and die cutting edge.

In addition, smaller SDAS was proved to increase mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength and ductility, of castings in higher degree than that of finer grain size [1].
The scholarship number TG-33-20-864D for Mr.Supparerk Boontein from Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST) is greatly appreciated.

The tangled cell walls become more regular dislocation networks or low angle grain boundaries and the number of dislocations in the cell interiors has diminished.

The major advantage of single-crystal blades in comparison to common polycrystalline ones is their substantially higher resistance to high-temperature creep due to absence of grain boundary in the alloy as their structure is formed by a single dendrite branch developed from single-crystal seed.
Successful realization of a number of central tenets of modern high-temperature nickel alloys doping theory, primarily for gas-turbine disks and airfoils, to a significant extent depends on the computational accuracy of alloying elements distribution ratio between γ- and γ'-phases, that’s why the work in the given direction appears to be currently important.

In the stage of sales, goods in stock carry sales enterprise a large number of funds.
The loan funds may be put into subsequent production activities, and when market price rebounds, upstream enterprise sell the grain, then repay principal and interest.

Artificial neural network model (or called neural network model) is a complex network system which formed to large number of simple processing units (neurons) by extremely rich and perfect connecting.
[7] HE Yong, JIN Minggao:, Study on Application Method of Grain Postproduction System, edited by Beijing: china Agriculture Press (2003), In Chinese.

Kima, The grain size control of A356 aluminum alloy by horizontal electromagnetic stirring for rheology forging, J. of Mater.
Roósz, Revolution Number (RPM) Measurement of Molten Alloy by Pressure Compensation Method, Mater.