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When blended, biodiesel has similar physical and chemical properties to mineral diesel and perfectly miscible [9, 10].
The nationalization of hydrocarbon sector, in 1971, had affected deeply the government’s policies as this sector took an increasingly share of the national economy.
Emission factors are determined from the chemical composition, especially C/H ratio, of the consumed fuel and its calorific value.
CO2 and NOx emission factors for each fuel Fuel type Energy density (kWh/kg fuel) (High Heating Value) [51] Carbon content by weight % [52] Emission factor (kgCO2/toe)[51] Emission factor (kgNOx/toe)[53] Diesel 13.9 86.5 3150 1.10 Gasoline 12.7 84.6 3066 2.47 The emission benefits of conventional diesel motor bi-fuelling with CNG 95% and 5% diesel are listed in Table 2.
Bokhari, "Fuels properties, characterizations and engine and emission performance analyses of ternary waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel–propanol blends," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 35, pp. 321-334, 2019/10/01/ 2019

Currently, a host of new materials with new production technologies and new properties are available on the market.
The soil can be modelled by the spatial elements that are required to describe correctly the strain properties of the real subsoil.
In that case, the real 3D subsoil of the construction is modelled by means of the contact elements, the parameters of which (C1x, C1y, and C1z) express the strain properties of the subsoil.
FR-TI2/746 Rheological sliding joint with thermo-controlled viscoelastic properties.
Manasek, (2007) Finite Element Analysis of a Structure with a Sliding Joint Affected by Deformation Loading.

Therefore, no mechanical clamping system is needed.
However, due to the optical properties, which are depending on the material and the wavelength of the laser source, these results could not be generalized.
To affect the laser beam diameter and the divergence a beam expander was installed within the optical path.
Aluminum films, as material pairing D, are unsuitable for laser beam processing in the tested way because of their low transmission factors.
The thermal characteristics of aluminium also affect the sealing and cutting process of the two films.

In addition, the desired SHS reaction process is eventually affected multiple factors, including the uniformities of the compactness, N2 atmosphere and the reactive agents.
And systematical evaluations are required, including its immobilization performance for other nuclides in the radioactive graphite, and the mechanical, chemical and radiation stability of the waste forms, etc.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21007052; 41302028; 41272050), the Foundation of Key Subject Laboratory of National Defense for Radioactive Waste and Environmental Security (Southwest University of Science and Technology) (Grant No. 11zxnk09) and the Open Foundation of Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology and Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP (No. 12zxjk04).

Morphology of TiC Reinforced Ni-Cr-Mo Composite Coatings Prepared by CO2 Laser Guang Yang1, a, Zongde Liu1,b, Yongtian Wang1,c, Rongjuan Yang1,d 1 School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China a yanguang_86@yahoo.com.cn, b lzd@ncepu.edu.cn, c wyt@ncepu.edu.cn, d yrj-3121@ncepu.edu.cn Keywords: CO2 laser, ceramic phases, binder composition Abstract.
The effectiveness of laser welding and fabrication relies greatly on the physical properties of materials.
Besides, increasing TiC volume fraction within the range from 20% to 60% could enlarge TiC particles size but not change the shape [10].However, there is still a lack of explanation for why different TiC morphologies exist, and what else factors could change the shape of TiC is still demanded for composites design.
The uneven bead shape with CO2 laser cladding may not be affected by gas flow but by plasma[1, 15].

Physicochemical and Cytotoxicity Characterization of Injectable Bone Substitute Based on Hydroxyapatite - Chitosan - Streptomycin for Spinal Tuberculosis Cases Systi Adi Rachmawati1,2,a Dyah Hikmawati3,b,*, Aniek Setiya Budiatin4,c, Alfian Pramudita Putra1,d 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2Material Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia asystiara@gmail.com, b*dyah.hikmawati@yahoo.co.id, canieksb@yahoo.co.id, dalfian.pramudita@fst.unair.ac.id Keywords: chitosan, cytotoxicity, hydroxyapatite, injectable bone substitute, physicochemical, spinal tuberculosis, streptomycin Abstract.
The fluctuating data may be caused by handling factor of IBS pasta into their injectability.
Pasta injection through the needle based on the driving force that will be applied on bone will affect the setting time [13].
The failure could be reduced by considering the handling factor with some precision tools like extruder.
Ye, Microstructure and properties of alendronate-loaded calcium phosphate cement., Mater.

A kind of inorganic materials was coated on the surface of Mg powders by vapor deposition to enhance their water reactivity firstly, and then the organic polymer was coated on the surface to raise their antioxidant property.
Both water reactivity and antioxidant property of Mg powders coated with the double layers were studied in detail.
Because the heating rate is fixed, the relation between hydrogen volume and temperature (V ~ T) can be directly translated into the relationship between hydrogen volume and time (including the temperature factor).
The reaction rate can be increased to a large extent when the addition of Tec is 5wt.%, but the higher addition not only affects integrity and uniformity of coated samples, but also loses the energy of Mg powder.
Mechanical Management and Development, 2006, (1) :7-10[in Chinese] [8] Huo Junping, Song Huaihe, Chen Xiaohong.

The removal of mercury from the waterbody remains a severe challenge in ensuring environmental safety due to its highly toxic and non-biodegradable properties.
Bentonite is a natural aluminium phyllosilicate with subtantial adsorption properties such as highly porous silicate and crystal structures are formed by combination of silica tetrahedral and alumino octahedral which advancing adsorbent quality [3].
Honeycomb-monolith as structurized adsorbent is believed to be advantageous prior to its low pressure drop, easier for the adsorbate stream to pass, good thermal and mechanical properties, and simple scale up [8].
By examining the experimental data, we acquired that adsorption rate is affected by initial concentration of adsorbate and the highest efficiency of BBM adsorbent in mercury removal is 63,9%.
Marmier, Adsorptive properties of Moroccan clays for the removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution, Appl.

Therefore, the ultra-low interlayer friction and stable mechanical properties of cabon nanotube (CNT) make it an ideal material for the design of such nanomotors.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered widespread adoption in nanomotors [11-21, 24-26, 28] owing to their exceptional mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of the relative motion between layers in double-walled carbon nanotubes are significantly influenced by various factors, including the chirality and length of the tube walls, as well as the distinct combinations of chirality observed between adjacent tube walls.
Lorents, Mechanical and thermal-properties of carbon nanotubes, Carbon, 33 (1995) 925-930
Hone, Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene, Science, 321 (2008) 385-388

Minimization of Total Tardiness and Total Flowtime on Single Machine with Non-Zero Release Dates Saheed Akande1,a*, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oluleye2,b and Elkanah Oyetunji3,c 1Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria 2Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lagos State University, Nigeria aakande4success@yahoo.com, bayodeji.aoluleye@ui.edu.ng, ceoyetunji@yahoo.com Keywords: Bicriteria.
Problem Definition Given the following for a single machine problem: i. set of n jobs; J1 , J2 , … Jn ii. processing time of each job; Pi iii. release or ready time of each job; ri iv. due dates of each job; di The time the processing of job Ji starts on the machine (start time) is designated as Si with the property Si ≥ ri (1) The completion time of each job (Ci) is defined as: Ci = Si + Pi (2) The flow time of each job is defined as: Fi = Ci - ri (3) Therefore, the total flowtime (Ftot) is given by:
(6) Apply the scheduling notation, the problem is represented as: 1 | ri|(i=1nTi, i=1nFi) (7) Thus, the linear composite objective function (LCOF) is defined as: LCOF= αi=1nTi + βi=1nFi (8) Essentially, α and β represent the relative importance (weighting factors) of the total tardiness and the total flowtime criteria respectively.
The processing time and the release date affect the two objectives, while the due date affects only the tardiness.
This heuristic is based on the fact that the due date has no effect on the flow time function but it affects the overall objective function.