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Gutowski [3] provided the specific electricity requirements for a wide range of manufacturing processes, showed that the rate of production was the most important factor that affected the energy consumption of a process.
The power of FECUs is determined by machine tool properties and can be attained from machine tool manufacturer or measured through empirical studies.
The power of VECUs is determined not only by the machine tool but also other factors such as process parameters and workpiece material, it can be calculated based on existing knowledge and/or appropriate mathematical formulas.
(2001) [9] Li, W., Kara, S.: An Empirical Model for Predicting Energy Consumption of Manufacturing Processes: A Case of Turning Process, in: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture. (2010)

Introduction Theory and methods to optimize the design of the in-depth and wide range of applications in the design of mechanical structures .
"Birth and death" control unit stiffness matrix is multiplied by astiffness factor, which is the relationship between nodeforces and node displacements of pruning.
Therefore, the structure of each unit can live or die freely, if you want to achieve the goal that unit dies, the program just needs to set the stiffness factor in front of the unit to 0and loads linked to the "dead" unit (concentrated force ,uniform force, initial stress or temperature loads), quality, damping, specific heat and other similar effects and so on all set to 0, instead of really removing "dead "unit .Similarly, when the unit need to "live", the unit does not need to be added to the model, just re-activate the stiffness factor in front of the unit by setting it to 1, at the same time, all loads and some other properties linked to the unit should be activated. 2.2 Modeling method of life and death The process of life and death and other analytical techniques are basically the same, but each element must be considered activate or death.
Overall structural stiffness equivalent to the maximum and minimum strain energy, so in the optimization process, delete an element, a small impact on the total strain energy, so that the weight of the structure can affect the structural rigidity of the largely reduced small. 3.2.

To separate particles in a medium, the attractive van der Waals force must be overcome, which can be achieved by mechanical action and/or chemical additives [3-4].
Among several factors controlling particle dispersion in a suspension, properties of a polymeric dispersant including concentration and MW are ones of the most important.
The variation of dispersant concentration affects surface coverage of particles leading to the difference in their dispersion state and stability [17].
These studies demonstrated that the molecular length of dispersant is an important factor dictating the dispersion state of suspensions.

The polymers hold great promise for the multi-layer microfluidic devices, such as attractive chemical, electric and mechanical properties; excellent optic transparency and inexpensive.
The plasma-treatment is a significant method to reduce the temperature and pressure [17-20], the purpose of plasma-treatment is to change the surface properties of PMMA substrate.
Table1: The comparison of solvent performance Reagents Risk Toxicity Solubility Changes Glycol(C2H6O2) flammable and explosive trace hardly no Acetone(C3H6O) flammable and volatile low almost all clarify Butyl acetate(C6H12O2) flammable and pungent low almost all clarify Chloroform(CHCl3) pungent and pollution moderate all turbid Dimethylformamide(C3H7NO) flammable and explosive moderate trace no Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether(C4H10O2) flammable, explosive and pungent moderate almost all no By considered risk and toxicity factors, we choose chloroform as bonding solvents finally.
The affect of fumigation time, the steam concentration and the ambient temperature will research in subsequent article.

In the current paper, the effect of PAGS on strength and toughness properties will be assessed for quenched and tempered martensitic steels produced from the equiaxed PAG conditions.
Since the Gleeble® compression sample geometry is not conducive to extracting tensile specimens, microhardness measurements were used instead to estimate tensile properties.
This finding is important for the TMP samples, where the geometry is not conducive to machining mechanical test specimens after processing.
The increase in strength due to TMP could be due to many factors.
However, the final martensitic microstructure can be heavily textured, which can affect the coherence length of {001}α’ planes.

The kinetic hydration of cement is widely studied in the literature and some of these papers reported the chemical, physical and mechanical behaviour [2-5].
The pre-exponential factors and E depend on the paste formulation.
The addition of clay to PVA did not affect the hydration kinetics.
Strawhecker and E.Manias, Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Na+ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Chemical Materials, Vol. 12 (2000) p.2943 [16] N Ogata, S Kawakage and T Ogihara, Poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay and Poly(ethylene oxide)-clay Blends Prepared Using Water as Solvent, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.66 (1997) p. 573 [17] L Ludueña, V.
Alvarez, Evaluation of Methods for Stiffness Predictions of Polymer Based nanocomposites: Theoretical Background and Examples of Applications (PCL-clay nanocomposites). in Nanomaterials: Properties, Preparation and Processes by Silva, Cabral and Cabral V.

Non-soil lead hole pile technology is which change the physical and mechanical properties of the soil through a special method in order to reduce the lateral friction and shear strength of the soil, to meet the pile needs.
Rotational speed The rotational speed is mainly related to the impact of frequency, size specifications and rock physical and mechanical nature.
So, it directly affects its usage.
The efficiency of construction is affected by air flow, pressure of air compressor, and loses the diameter of the duct.
Due to the existence of the cave, the high cost and long duration, unforeseen factors, sometimes a pile necessary to be constructed foe two weeks, the construction period is significantly delayed.

Non-soil lead hole pile technology is which change the physical and mechanical properties of the soil through a special method in order to reduce the lateral friction and shear strength of the soil, to meet the pile needs.
The rotational speed is mainly related to the impact of frequency, size specifications and rock physical and mechanical nature.
So, it directly affects its usage.
The efficiency of construction is affected by air flow, pressure of air compressor, and loses the diameter of the duct.
Due to the existence of the cave, the high cost and long duration, unforeseen factors, sometimes a pile necessary to be constructed foe two weeks, the construction period is significantly delayed.

The reaction time is another important parameter affecting the size of the produced Ag-NPs and considered in this investigation in presence of optimal concentrations of O-CMCs and AgNO3; these are 4% and 0.5 % (w/v), respectively.
Hamedi, S.A.Shojaosadati, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a novel method: Comparative study of their properties, Carbohydr.
Park, Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review, Int.
Mirzadeh, Electospiining, mechanical properties, and cell behavior study of chitosan/PVA nanofibers, Biomed.
Roy, Preparation of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell and Investigation of Its Properties, int.

Fig. 1 Details of specimen [units:mm] Table 1 Material properties of rebar and CFRP plate [MPa] Ultimate strength Tensile strength Elastic modulus 8 323 470 1.98×105 12 351 489 1.95×105 CFRP plate ≥2800 2800 1.85×105 Concrete with cube compressive strength of fc=50.0 MPa, splitting tensile strength of 3.15 MPa and elastic modulus of 3.20×104 MPa was used in the term of ready-mixed concrete.
The specific properties of the rebar and CFRP plate with thickness of 1.4mm and width of 100mm were listed in Table 1.
It is confirmed that tensile steel bar was one of main factors affected the initial damage: tensile steel bar strain increased rapidly as the more serious damage happening, which resulted in the early yielding of longitudinal tensile steel bar.
The Hognestad criterion was adopted to describe the concrete mechanical behaviors, and the ideal elastic-plastic constitutive model was used to explain the normal reinforcing steel bars, as well as the linear-elastic constitutive relationship was employed to simulate CFRP plates.