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They can be used alone and also combined with other types of natural sources to increase antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties to enhance and accelerate the wound healing processes and prevent wound infections [9].
Besides the mechanical properties, the plasticizer reduces the transparency of biofilms [15].
The thickness of membranes was also affected by ionic gelation process using CaCl2.
Conclusion In the present study, 3-D AL membranes were developed to their physical and biological properties.
Valdez, Chitosan/Hydrophilic Plasticizer-Based Films: Preparation, Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties, J.

Another crucial factor that affects the cyclic performance is the solid-electrolyte-interface(SEI) which arises from the decomposition of the electrolyte.
[12] Wang, J.; Zhang, G.; Liu, Z.; Li, H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Li, X.; Shih, K.; Mai, L., Li3V(MoO4) 3 as a novel electrode material with good lithium storage properties and improved initial coulombic efficiency.
[14] Li, T.; Li, X.; Wang, Z.; Guo, H.; Li, Y.; Wang, J., A new design concept for preparing nickel-foam-supported metal oxide microspheres with superior electrochemical properties.
C., Superior electrochemical properties of rutile VO2-carbon composite microspheres as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.
[40] Bosch, H.; Kip, B.J.; Van Ommen, J.G.; Gellings, P.J, Factors influencing the temperature-programmed reduction profiles of vanadium pentoxide. 

As a typical ferroelectric, piezoelectric and electro-optic material, having such characteristics as relatively low dielectric constant, low resonance frequency temperature, low aging rate, high mechanical quality factor and high Curie point (675ºC) [5,6], Bi4Ti3O12 exhibits the widely promising future in application, such as information storage, ferroelectric photo-valve arrays and holographic memory paging.
The larger particle Bi4Ti3O12 crystal on the films surface, the more homogeneous precipitation, which lead to the super-saturation degree of the precursor solution would be affected to be decreased.
Ye, et al, Progress in the structure and properties of ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films, J.
Xiao, et al, A study of ferroelectric (Bi4-xLax)Ti3O12 ceramic properties, Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics (in Chinese). 24 (2002) 199-201
Cao, Ferroelectric properties of neodymium-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films crystallized in different environments, Thin Solid Films. 471 (2005) 35-39

This type of material is characterised by excellent mechanical properties compared to its weight and can be applied with different configurations, allowing the preservation of the geometric and architectural detail of the reinforced structural element.
These values evidence that the mortar has better mechanical properties than the tuff.
In particular, this load increment can be explained by two phenomena: 1) the higher mechanical properties of the mortar joints compared to the ones of the tuff, and 2) the additional bond resistant mechanism provided by the mortar joints due to a sort of ‘interlocking’ of the ribs formed in the mortar joints and contrasting the slip respect to the masonry substrate.
It can be observed that for the single blocks the maximum shear stress is about 3 MPa in the case of CFRP and GFRP without plastering and about 2 MPa for BFRP; in case of plastering the shear strength increases up to about 5 MPa, confirming the positive effect of the plastering into enhancing locally the mechanical properties of the first millimetres of tuff under the FRP reinforcement as already evidenced in [4, 5].
The mean value of the numerical factor kG is assumed 0.157 for support made of tuff stone.

How fractures initiate, propagate and terminate under the influence of factors such as the surrounding stress regimes, inherent material properties and discontinuities present within the rock mass are all questions currently being researched and investigated.
Final Image of 70° inclination with displacement trajectories It was noted throughout the image analysis of the whole sample dataset that the surface voids and markings significantly affected the image analysis particle detection.
Acknowledgements This contribution is the result of the research supported by the Geotechnical Engineering Centre and the School of Mechanical & Mining Engineering, with special mention to Mr Eric Mullen for supplying and procuring the sandstone samples.

Characteristics of Bridge Design in Ming Area Underground mining cause ground displacement and deformation, whose factors mainly include subsidence, slope, curvity, horizontal displacement and deformation.
If groundwater level is very high, there will be accumulated water in the migrated basin after surface subsidence, which affects the foundation of the bridge.
Physical and Mechanical Properties Evolution and Engineering Response of Disturbed Soil in Ming Subsidence Area With Large Vertical Deformation.

The formation of vulnerable eco-environment is partially related with the poverty, which is the key factor causing the vulnerable eco-environment.
Harmfulness index of natural disasters include the affected population, the number of casualties, the damage area, economic losses, and the data are from 1978 to 2009 collected by the Civil Affairs Department based on the county-level administrative units.
Economic indicators that reflect the regional poverty include per capita GDP, per capita fiscal income, per capita budget deficit, per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen, per capita food production, the number of per capita livestock; social welfare indicators that reflect the regional poverty include per capita retail sales of social consumer goods, per capita agricultural and pastoral mechanical power, per capita electricity consumption, per capita traffic, per capita amount of post and telecommunication services, the number of professional health personnel/ 10000 persons, the number of middle school students / 10000 persons, the number of elementary school students/ 10000 persons, etc.
Therefore, spline method is applied to do the spatial interpolation and to generate the spatial distribution map of meteorological factor of Inner Mongolia.
Spatial superposition analysis: superposition analysis method is to superpose two or more layers of map elements to produce a new layer of elements, and it follows that the new elements are generated by splitting or merging through the original elements, which integrate the properties of the original two-layer or multi-layer elements.

Despaired with unpredictable properties of LiF, Daniels group turned their attention to the next material, Al2O3 [14].
The thermoluminescence properties of the Sr3Al2O6:Eu3+, RE3+ materials should accordingly be affected in a different manner by co-doping.
Botter-Jensen, Comparison of main Thermoluminescent Properties of some TL Dosemeters, Rad.
Murthy, Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Sr3Al2O6:Tb3+, Mater.
Thesis (unpublished): Photoluminescence and Thermoluminescence properties of Sr3Al2O6 doped with Rare Earths, M.S.

Thus obtained strain rate reveals to include the transformation plastic part in addition to thermo-mechanical plastic components.
,I � = as is shown in Fig.6(a) and that the mechanical and thermophysical property χχχχ is represented by the mixture law [17] such that 1 � I I I = = ∑χξχχ ξχχ ξχχ ξχ , with 11 � I I = =∑ξξξξ
The first term in Eq.(9) is the ordinal thermo-mechanical plastic strain rate in the I-th phase, which is supperimosed mechanical and thermal parts.
Ju and the author [3] available to simulate metallo-thermo-mechanical processes.
The equivalent stress σ in the matrix near the interface is 3 2 r r = − =θσ σ σ σ (29) will give a large value to cause the yielding, even if the stress is a little reduced due to stress concentration factor αis less than unity when subjected to tensile stress.

While it is so hard for the analytical methods to study crack propagation and eventually coalescence, considering the factor of heterogeneity of rock.
By introducing heterogeneity of rock properties into the model, the RFPA code can simulate non-linear deformation of a quasi-brittle behavior with an ideal brittle constitutive law for the local material; 2.
For heterogeneity, the material properties (failure-strength ³c and elastic modulus Ec ) for elements are randomly distributed throughout the specimen by following a Weibull distribution [6]: � � � � � � � � �� � 

 � � 
�� � 

 � � = 
m m m 0 1 00 exp µ µ µ µ µ � where ³ is the element strength and ³0 is the mean strength of the elements fro the specimen.
The geometrical and mechanical properties for all the specimens are listed in Table1.
Material properties for specimens Parameter Value Homogeneity index (m) 1.2,2,3,5,10 Mean compressive strength (³0) 200 (MPa) Mean elastic modulus (E0) 60,000 (MPa) Tension cutoff (¬) 10% Frictional angle (¶� 30o � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � = 5 � = 3 � = 2 � = 1 .2 Fig.2.