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Acknowledgement Some of the materials used for the construction of the mechanical expression rig and associated instrumentation were provided by the University of Ilorin through the Teaching and Research Material Grant at the discretion of the Head of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department.
Oje, Quality characteristics of shea butter recovered from shea kernel through dry extraction process, Journal of Food Science and Technology 44(4) (2007) 404-407
McNulty, Microstructure of Rapeseed and Cashew as related to Mechanical Oil Expression, Irish Journal of Food Science and Technology 8 (1984) 59-66
Oje, Development of Mechanical Expression Rig for Dry Extraction of Shea Butter from Shea Kernel, Journal of Food Science and Technology 44(5) (2007) 465-470
[19] ASAE: Methods of Determining and Expressing Fineness of Feed Materials by Sieving, ASAE Standard: ASAE S319, Agricultural Engineers’ Handbook, American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1989

Geological polymer materials can show excellent characteristics of gelling materials, polymer materials and ceramic material, it has been the hotspot in the field of new green cement materials in recent years [5-7].
Geopolymers and Geopolymeric materials[J].
Experimental Research and Mechanism Analysis on Semi-carbonation Zone in Concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2012,15(5):624-628.
Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science edtion),2013,45(1):43-47.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 20(29): 237-238

Journal of Building Material Science, 4(1), (2022) 1–10
Arabian Journal of Science and Engineering, 44(10) (2019) 8545–8555
[28] BS 8500-2 (2023) Specification for constituent materials and Concrete.
In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 374, (2018) 012019
Construction and Building Materials, 221, (2019) 514-526.

Journal of Materails Science 32 (2001) 53–60
Preparation of calcium phosphate coatings on titanium implant materials by simple chemistry.
Goto, Hydrothermal preparation of tailored hydroxyapatite, Journal of Materials Science 41(2006) 1341-1344
Turner, Hydroxyapatite whiskers provide improved mechanical properties in reinforced polymer composites, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A 67(2003) 801-812
Materials Letters 61 (2007) 1683-1687

The Effect of Anisotropy in Polymeric Matrices on Compositional Properties at Various Temperatures Bochkareva S.A.1,2, Grishaeva N.Yu. 1,2, Ljukchin B.A.1,2,3a, Ljukchin P.A.1 , Panin S.V. 1,4, Senatova O.A.3, Reutov Y.A.1 1Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021, Akademicheskiy pr. 4/1,Tomsk, Russia 2Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics, 634050, Lenin pr.40, Tomsk, Russia 3Tomsk State National Research University, 634050, Lenin pr.50, Tomsk, Russia 4 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Lenin pr.50, Tomsk, Russia tel.
Considering the macrolevel data, the level of the sampled materials carry almost equal effective stress-strain properties.
At the same time, the use of composites in friction units demonstrates that the wear resistance of materials differs significantly in favor of compounds with greater crystalline degree.
Estimation of the adhesive interaction of composite material phases using the stress-strain curve, International Journal of Nanomechanics Science and Technology, 1, 4 (2010) 301-311
Computer-aided design of filled polymeric composites for tribotechnical applications, Conference Program for the 3rd International Conference on Heterogeneous Materials Mechanics, ICHMM 2011. 2011, 831-838

The resistance is a function of the resistivity and surface condition of the parent material, size, shape and material of the electrodes and the pressure applied by the electrodes [4].
Oluwole, Sensitization study of normalized 316L stainless steel, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering 9(1) 2010 13-23
Dursun, An effect of weld current and weld atmosphere on the resistance spot weldability of 304 L austenitic stainless steel, Materials & Design 29 2008 597-603
Gunduz, An effect of heat input, weld atmosphere and weld cooling conditions on the resistance spot weldability of 316L austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 195 2008 327-335
Singh, Mathematical modeling for surface hardness in investment casting applications, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 26(11) 2012 3625-3629.

Besides the detect depth and size of karst caves required by the construction of expressway, various physical methods also have specific requirements for their applicable use such as the lithology, development degree of karst and spatial distribution, karst caves with or without filled materials, and the content of the materials.
Table 1 List of Resistivity of different materials in the study area [2,3,4,6,8,11] Materials Resistivity Materials Resistivity Carbonaceous marlstone <200 Clay, fine sand, gravel, gravelly soil <150 Dolomitic marlstone >600 Carbonaceous dolomitic marlstone <200 Limestone 200-2000 Unit: [Ω·m] 2.3 Principles of high density resistivity method High density resistivity method is based on electric difference of rock-soil mass when apply the electric current to the strata,to infer the underground spatial distribution of resistivity anomaly shapes[11].
These can be inferred that karst caves filled with high resistivity materials are developed at these locations.
Chen, Explore karst in different strata of highway roadbed, Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 35-6(2004) 1014-1018
Wang, Development and application of 2D resistivity imaging surveys, Earth Sciences Frontiers, 10-1(2003) 171-176

LiNbO3 single crystal is an excellent material for a variety of applications in non- linear optics, electro-optics and it is one of the key materials for optical based technologies because of its large second-order nonlinearities [4].
Salim, Annealing temperature effects on morphological and optical studies of nano and micro photonics lithium niobate using for optical waveguide applications, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 9 (2015) 128-133
Varelaa, LiNbO3 thin films prepared through polymeric precursor method, Materials Letters. 57 (2003) 2333 - 2339
Qiang, Preparation and characterization of LiNbO3 thin films derived from metal carboxylate gels, Key Engineering Materials. 336-338 (2007) 213-216
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 39 (1995) 367 - 375

Materials Cement paste from Portland cement CEM I 42.5R (Mokrá, Czech Republic) was prepared for the testing purposes.
Journal of Material Research 7, 1992, pp. 1564-1583
Ulm, The effect of two types of c-s-h on the elasticity of cement-based materials: results from nanoindentation and micromechanical modeling, Cement and Concrete Research 34, 2004, pp. 67-80
Vondřejc, Micromechanical analysis of heterogeneous structural materials, Cement & Concrete Composites 36, 2013, pp. 85-92
Soroushian, Mechanical properties of hydrated cement paste: development of structure-property relationships, Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 7, 2010, pp. 37-43

According to the results, there are presented recommendations for the applicability of the tested polyamide material.
The studies related to the friction coefficient of the polyamide – steel type contacts are mainly oriented to the lubricated contacts due to the wide area of applicability of these materials in power transmissions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
The polyamide materials are produced by Schaeffler Group and their mechanical properties, due to confidential reasons of the company, are not public information.
Fig. 7. – The relative percentage variation of the friction coefficient for the polyamides / steel type contact, related to 30 oC Summary The testing equipments and the testing procedure presented in the paper are suitable to be applied in any testing which has the aim to determine the variation of the friction coefficient with the rotational speed and the temperature for different materials being in contact.
Lecompte, An experimental analysis of fracture mechanics of short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 (SGFR-PA66) in Journal of Composite Science and Technology, nr. 69, (2009), 2521 – 2526