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If the ULC was more diminished after damage, the overall safety of the bridge was more significantly affected by the damage.
Fig. 3 Twin-pylon cable-stayed bridge (unit: m) The material and geometrical properties for this bridge were listed in Table 2 .
A smaller ultimate load multiplier represents that the overall safety of the bridge is more significantly affected by the damage.
The variation of yield strength was reflected by multiplying the original design yield strength with a scale factor (SF) which ranged from 0.5 to 1.5.
Saxce: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 44 (2002) No. 11, p.2189

Introduction Numerous investigations have been made by the researchers to understand the thermal and rheological properties of nanofluid.
Table 1: Mono and hybrid nanofluid thermophysical properties [16].
Properties Water (f) Al2O3 (s1) Cu (s2) k W/mK 0.6071 40 400 ρ kg/m3 997.0 3970 8933 σ s/m 5.5 × 10-6 35 × 106 59.6 × 106 Cp J/kgK 4180 765 385 The mono and hybrid nanofluids thermophysical properties are shown in Table 1, while the nanoparticles and fluid thermophysical properties are shown in Table 2.
The properties of thermophysical of alumina and copper nanoparticles with base fluid are taken from the previous literature.
Chandrasekar, Synthesis of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using two step method and its thermo physical properties.

A three-dimensional finite element-based model of drilling is presented which includes fully adaptive unstructured meshing, tight thermo-mechanical coupling, deformable tool-chip-workpiece contact, interfacial heat transfer across the tool-chip boundary, and constitutive models appropriate for high strain-rate, large strain and high temperature deformation.
In order to model chip formation, constitutive modeling for metal cutting requires determination of material properties at high strain rates, large strains, and short heating times, and is quintessential for prediction of segmented chips due to shear-localization (Sandstrom and Hodowany 1998 [10]; Childs, 1998 [11]).
This gives , (18) where n is the hardening exponent, T is the current temperature, and is the initial yield stress at the reference temperature T0. is the reference plastic strain, and is a thermal softening factor ranging from 1 at room temperature to 0 at melt, and having the appropriate variation in between.
Mesh refinement is affected by element subdivision along the edges of tetrahedron, creating two smaller tetrahedra.

The coating morphology, physicochemical properties and bioactivity, including simulated body fluid (SBF) experiment, have been investigated.
(BC:bioceramic coating;TL:transition layer;HAZ:heat affected zone;BM:base metal) Bioactivity tests in SBF.The in vitro bone bioactivity of the FHA coatings was evaluated by immersing the specimens in SBF solution and examining the change in their surface during incubation.SEM/EDS analysis of the samples soaked in SBF were shown in Fig. 4.
However, near the surface of the coating heterogeneous nucleation is a predominating factor due to the presence of a high volume fraction of FHA.
The FHA coatings have been fully covered with plentiful flocculent apatite particles and demonstrate a rough surface morphology(Fig. 1c,d).The obtained high surface roughness values are reported to improve the cell adhesion due to better surface wetting properties.
Further work to validate these coatings is currently under progress including cell culture and mechanical testing of the FHA coatings.

Thus, by including environmental factors, risk assessments can help to comply with the law and make good business sense.
(ii) Collection of more data on the selected process hazards to carry out a detailed analysis of the selected hazards Identification of the OHSAS 18001: 2007 Requirements (i) Using the results of the interviews and the occupational hazard survey form, the hazards were assessed and evaluated and the most affected sections were identified.
On the other hand the use of hand tools and mixing equipment may cause mechanical hazards.
It can be mitigated quickly without creating much harm to property, environment and to the employees.
Acute exposure to ethylene-glycol ethers results in narcosis, pulmonary edema, and severe kidney and liver damage Ergonomic, psychosocial and organizational factors Fatigue, Musculo-skeletal injuries, back pain or hernia due to lifting and transport of heavy loads, or exertions during manual tasks.

Introduction Understanding how the various thermal treatments influence both the diffusion properties and the grain boundary microstructure is critical in designing new nickel-based alloys with enhanced thermal stability.
The aim is to study the influence of fabrication process and/or annealing conditions on the GB self-diffusion properties in pure nickel within the direct context of the GB character distribution (GBCD) results.
The triple product P = δsDb (where δ is the GB width, s is the segregation factor for which s = 1 holds in the case of self-diffusion and Db is the diffusion coefficient along RBs) can also be written as rqp v qtDKP −− =
An extensive EBSD study was performed on samples subjected to diffusion examination in order to reveal possible variations in microstructure affected by their thermo-mechanical history and, simultaneously, to detect additional short-circuit paths, which could have an impact on diffusion behavior.

Properties S [m/s1/2] Sorptivity Equation [5, 27] where A is the water absorption coefficient [kg/(m2.s1/2)] and ρw is the water density [kg/m3].
- Precisely know the properties of materials such as sorptivity – S – (transport property of wall material that appears in the model) can be somewhat difficult.
This and other properties have been measured for many building materials, including stone, brick, mortar and plaster.
This phenomenon occurs due the properties of the air admitted to the system.
Torres, V.P. de Freitas, The influence of the thickness of the walls and their properties on the treatment of rising damp in historic buildings, Const.

They combine novel semi conducting properties with the scope for easy shaping and manufacture of plastics.
Indeed, charge injection and transport are the limiting factors in determining operating voltage and luminance efficiency.
Materials with specific properties are needed for making innovations possible.
Li, Photoluminescence properties of rare earth doped α-Si3N4, J.
Pode, Optical Properties of Eux Re(1-x)(TTA)3Phen Organic Complexes in different Solvents, J.

Trajectory Modeling of Moving Objects Based in Spatio-temporal Database Liu Jun,Li Jingwei Department of Computer Science,Henan Mechanical and Eectrical Engineering College,Xinxiang,China cirtise@sohu.com Keywords: moving objects,Moving Objects Spatio-Temporal model,trajectory modeling,Linear Regression model Abstract.
Not only affect database system performance, but also increase the cost of wireless bandwidth.
Preliminaries The space-time model of mobile point .Mobile Point space-time model introduces the concept of dynamic attributes, it uses a function of time that the future location of mobile point, the location attribute is a mobile point of dynamic properties, dynamic properties of the value of the time to decide.
ki factor for the spatial location; 6) Repeat the above process until all the points traversed time and space database, and finally come to move the point of trajectory.

Deforming Mechanisms of Two-pass Drawing Process of an Aluminum Tube from Circular to Rectangle Section Quan Guozheng1, a, Wang Menghan1,b, Zhou Jie 1,c , Tong Ying 2,d 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing (400044), China 2 Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing (400030), China a quangz2005@yahoo.com.cn, bwmh9792@163.com, c a65105410@cta.cq.cn, d tongying2004@126.com Keywords: Two-pass drawing; Semi-die angle; Instability; Touch-stress; Residual stress Abstract.
This assumption means the material properties do not vary with direction or orientation.
A homogeneous material has identical properties at all points.
Semi-die angle 2a affects rectangle tube filling greatly.
f f opt R R R R 0 0 lnln13 2 3 ） （ − = µ α (4) where µ is friction factor (here 1.0=µ ), 0R is the radius of original tube, fR is the average radius of shaped-tube.