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Online since: June 2016
Authors: Priyo Tri Iswanto, Nur Subeki, M. Noer Ilman, Jamasri Jamasri
The form and the number of distortion can be seen in Figure 4 below.
Result of distortion measurement on welding without preheat occurred with longitudinal and transversal curve forms by maximum distortion of 10.56 mm and transversal distortion measurement shows 5.8 mm number of distortion.
The number of longitudinal distortion is 2 mm and transversal is 3,2 mm.
Becouse of the microstructure in weld metal with 200 °C of preheat is dominate with Acicular Ferrite and Grain boundary Ferrite, it make the crack propagation rate is slower than weld metal without preheat.
Result of distortion measurement on welding without preheat occurred with longitudinal and transversal curve forms by maximum distortion of 10.56 mm and transversal distortion measurement shows 5.8 mm number of distortion.
The number of longitudinal distortion is 2 mm and transversal is 3,2 mm.
Becouse of the microstructure in weld metal with 200 °C of preheat is dominate with Acicular Ferrite and Grain boundary Ferrite, it make the crack propagation rate is slower than weld metal without preheat.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Y.M. Vernigorov, L.V. Chunakhova, Valery A. Lebedev
Powders of magnetic materials have a number of specific properties.
Such approach has the advantages of a relatively simple experiment and, at the same time, makes it possible to predict properties of powder products, determined by sizes and homogeneity of grain sizes.
A number of works have taken into account dissipative processes in the magneto-fluidized layer.
Example of Average Interaction Force Effect Material Size of particles Resonance Frequency EMF Length of a string Mass of a string unit length Inter-action Force r, µ ω1 Hz ω2 Hz ε1 mV ε2 mV lx103m τx107kg/m Fx107H Sm[Co0,85Cu0,15]7,2 2.2-3.5 500 450 26 20 8 1 2.1 Sm[Co0,85Cu0,15]7,2 2.2-3.5 500 350 26 17 8 1 2.2 Further on a variable field was switched off with the help of a microscope the number of magnetic strings was determined.
Such approach has the advantages of a relatively simple experiment and, at the same time, makes it possible to predict properties of powder products, determined by sizes and homogeneity of grain sizes.
A number of works have taken into account dissipative processes in the magneto-fluidized layer.
Example of Average Interaction Force Effect Material Size of particles Resonance Frequency EMF Length of a string Mass of a string unit length Inter-action Force r, µ ω1 Hz ω2 Hz ε1 mV ε2 mV lx103m τx107kg/m Fx107H Sm[Co0,85Cu0,15]7,2 2.2-3.5 500 450 26 20 8 1 2.1 Sm[Co0,85Cu0,15]7,2 2.2-3.5 500 350 26 17 8 1 2.2 Further on a variable field was switched off with the help of a microscope the number of magnetic strings was determined.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Konstantin N. Vdovin, Nikolay A. Feoktistov, D.A. Gorlenko
Beside the chemical composition, the wear resistance of high manganese steel is influenced by a number of factors, such as: the cooling rate of the melt in a casting mould [14], quantitative characteristics of the excess phase [15, 16] and stacking fault energy of austenite [17, 19], which determines the mechanisms of deformation transformations in this steel and formation of the hardened layer in the process of wear.
Results and Discussion After a number of experiments, we determined the chemical composition of the alloy, which provides high manganese steel with the best values of wear resistance indices after treatment with the abovementioned alloying compositions and individual alloying elements (Table 1).
Specimen number Endothermal effect [ºС] 1-st 2-nd Start Peak End Start Peak End 1 657 703 752 893 925 945 2 633 713 746 923 968 1006 3 631 707 743 920 964 1005 4 641 696 722 952 955 970 5 652 695 734 949 957 998 Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the temperatures at which phosphide eutectic dissolves (the second endothermal peak) are very much the same in different alloys.
That is why heating of these alloys with different chemical compositions to the temperatures of 945-1006 °С is enough to provide complete dissolving of the excess phase, which separated along the boundaries of austenite grains.
Results and Discussion After a number of experiments, we determined the chemical composition of the alloy, which provides high manganese steel with the best values of wear resistance indices after treatment with the abovementioned alloying compositions and individual alloying elements (Table 1).
Specimen number Endothermal effect [ºС] 1-st 2-nd Start Peak End Start Peak End 1 657 703 752 893 925 945 2 633 713 746 923 968 1006 3 631 707 743 920 964 1005 4 641 696 722 952 955 970 5 652 695 734 949 957 998 Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the temperatures at which phosphide eutectic dissolves (the second endothermal peak) are very much the same in different alloys.
That is why heating of these alloys with different chemical compositions to the temperatures of 945-1006 °С is enough to provide complete dissolving of the excess phase, which separated along the boundaries of austenite grains.
Online since: July 2025
Authors: Nurin Saqinah Jasrin, Siti Amira Othman
The C-O bond at the wave number 1372 cm-1 for detergent sample 1079 cm-1 and 1220 cm-1 for synthetic detergent represent ester groups.
The amines group are found at the wave number 3341 cm-1 for detergent sample and 3309 cm-1 for synthetic detergent.
The differences in wave numbers provide vital structural knowledge about a compound.
In addition, the grain morphology of surfactants is related to their molecular weight, which is attributed to the solubility properties in water [41].
In addition, the rough surface morphology of detergent would increase the number of air pockets.
The amines group are found at the wave number 3341 cm-1 for detergent sample and 3309 cm-1 for synthetic detergent.
The differences in wave numbers provide vital structural knowledge about a compound.
In addition, the grain morphology of surfactants is related to their molecular weight, which is attributed to the solubility properties in water [41].
In addition, the rough surface morphology of detergent would increase the number of air pockets.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: A. Biswas, S. Bhaumik, Saurav Datta, S.S. Mahapatra, Gautam Majumdar
But when more than one response comes under consideration and the system is subjected to a number of constraints it is very difficult to tackle the problem.
Taguchi method is very popular as it requires a well balanced experimental design (limited number of experiments) which saves time as well as cost.
SiO2 + TiO2= 30% CaO + MgO= 10% Al2O3 + MnO= 45% CaF2= 15% Grain Size = 0.25 - 2.00 mm Basicity Index = 0.6 Welding has been performed on the SAW setup [Make: ADOR WELDING LIMITED, INDIA] Model- MAESTRO 1200(F).
This approach converts correlated responses into an equal or less number of uncorrelated quality indices which are called individual principal components.
(a) (Lower-the-Better) criteria: (4) Here, (b) HB (Higher-the-Better) (5) Here, Assuming, the number of experimental runs in Taguchi’s OA design is, and the number of quality characteristics is.
Taguchi method is very popular as it requires a well balanced experimental design (limited number of experiments) which saves time as well as cost.
SiO2 + TiO2= 30% CaO + MgO= 10% Al2O3 + MnO= 45% CaF2= 15% Grain Size = 0.25 - 2.00 mm Basicity Index = 0.6 Welding has been performed on the SAW setup [Make: ADOR WELDING LIMITED, INDIA] Model- MAESTRO 1200(F).
This approach converts correlated responses into an equal or less number of uncorrelated quality indices which are called individual principal components.
(a) (Lower-the-Better) criteria: (4) Here, (b) HB (Higher-the-Better) (5) Here, Assuming, the number of experimental runs in Taguchi’s OA design is, and the number of quality characteristics is.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Tokeer Ahmad, Ruby Phul
A large number of compounds, mostly paramagnetic substances, have been assayed as potential MRI contrast agents [19, 20].
The oleate/Fe ratios have effect on the size of grain.
Electron microscopic studies can determine the size of nanoparticles [171-174] and reports the gross particle size of the core i.e., a number weighted mean value.
sample number sodium oleate (g) oleic acid (mL) ethanol (mL) a 1.92 20 40 b 1.92 17 43 c 1.68 20 40 Fig. 13.
Niepce, Influence of grain size, oxygen stoichiometry, and synthesis conditions on the γ-Fe2O3 vacancies ordering and lattice parameters, J.
The oleate/Fe ratios have effect on the size of grain.
Electron microscopic studies can determine the size of nanoparticles [171-174] and reports the gross particle size of the core i.e., a number weighted mean value.
sample number sodium oleate (g) oleic acid (mL) ethanol (mL) a 1.92 20 40 b 1.92 17 43 c 1.68 20 40 Fig. 13.
Niepce, Influence of grain size, oxygen stoichiometry, and synthesis conditions on the γ-Fe2O3 vacancies ordering and lattice parameters, J.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Dan Zhang, Rong Cai Zhao, Lin Han, Jin Qu
Currently, in order to reduce the programming complexity of FPGA in general-purpose computing, many FPGA manufacturers and research institutions proposed a number of programming languages and programming models based on C/C++, which are close to traditional programming methods, but different styles, such as System C[1], Mitrion C[2], Handel C[3], Impulse C[4] and DIME C[5] etc.
TCLK denotes the execution time for one cycle, denotes the number of cycles that application is implemented as pipelining method on FPGA, denotes the number of cycles for data access needed in computation process.
[10] X.E.Chen and T.M.Aamodt: A first-order fine-grained multithreaded throughput model.
TCLK denotes the execution time for one cycle, denotes the number of cycles that application is implemented as pipelining method on FPGA, denotes the number of cycles for data access needed in computation process.
[10] X.E.Chen and T.M.Aamodt: A first-order fine-grained multithreaded throughput model.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yun Xue
Large Numbers of mainland businessmen, farmers (in Jin, Shan area mainly) entered the Midwest Inner Mongolia.
Increasing the column number of buildings: Original detached house transformation for row house, moreover should achieve above 6 households and the optimum length of 60m.
The average annual wind speed is 4 meters per second above, in maximum wind speed for 20-35 meters per second, To be used the effective wind speed in the cumulative number of 4000--6500 hours [7].
Then it is again the nuclear power and biomass energy source: To support the country engineering technology research of thorium-based nuclear fuel element, to promote the manufacture of PWR and high temperature steam cold heap of nuclear fuel, to promote the industrial park development of nuclear fuel cycle industry.To strengthen the clean technique exploitation of non-grain and biomass diesel oil, improve the conversion efficiency;Support to crops-stalk and lignin as raw material to produce ethanol technology research and industrialization demonstration, to achieve the diversification of raw material supply.
Increasing the column number of buildings: Original detached house transformation for row house, moreover should achieve above 6 households and the optimum length of 60m.
The average annual wind speed is 4 meters per second above, in maximum wind speed for 20-35 meters per second, To be used the effective wind speed in the cumulative number of 4000--6500 hours [7].
Then it is again the nuclear power and biomass energy source: To support the country engineering technology research of thorium-based nuclear fuel element, to promote the manufacture of PWR and high temperature steam cold heap of nuclear fuel, to promote the industrial park development of nuclear fuel cycle industry.To strengthen the clean technique exploitation of non-grain and biomass diesel oil, improve the conversion efficiency;Support to crops-stalk and lignin as raw material to produce ethanol technology research and industrialization demonstration, to achieve the diversification of raw material supply.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: E.S. Gorkunov
Micropores and microcracks are observed even at early stages of plastic deformation, and this is attributed to the interaction between dislocation stress fields and barriers in the metal structure (grain boundaries, phase boundaries, inclusions, particles, dislocation clusters etc.), as well as to the decohesion of the matrix and inclusions due to a difference in their elastic properties.
Discussion A number of factors have an effect on magnetization reversal.
This, in turn, will entail the rearrangement of the domain structure and a smaller number of 90o domains having stronger critical fields of interaction between the 90o-domain walls and the defects [24].
As was previously shown, magnetization reversal is influenced by a number of factors, which often differ in their effect on the magnetic properties thus making it difficult to estimate the effect of each above-mentioned mechanism on magnetic behaviour.
Discussion A number of factors have an effect on magnetization reversal.
This, in turn, will entail the rearrangement of the domain structure and a smaller number of 90o domains having stronger critical fields of interaction between the 90o-domain walls and the defects [24].
As was previously shown, magnetization reversal is influenced by a number of factors, which often differ in their effect on the magnetic properties thus making it difficult to estimate the effect of each above-mentioned mechanism on magnetic behaviour.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Bao Jun Yu, Ming Yang, Guo Qing Zhao
In analyzing of the frequency characteristic of the image signals,the image edge, jumping parts and grain noises represent the high frequency component of the image signals.
The use of gray histogram analysis of the entire image graphically describes the number of different gray levels of pixels, the abscissa showing it’s gray level, the ordinate showing it’s e frequency (the number of the pixels).
Demand partial derivatives of a and b respectively, making them equal to zero, and we’ll get, (8) (9) Hence: (10) In Equation Set (10),, stand for the input and output datas obtained in the tests; n stands for the number of the data set for the test.
The use of gray histogram analysis of the entire image graphically describes the number of different gray levels of pixels, the abscissa showing it’s gray level, the ordinate showing it’s e frequency (the number of the pixels).
Demand partial derivatives of a and b respectively, making them equal to zero, and we’ll get, (8) (9) Hence: (10) In Equation Set (10),, stand for the input and output datas obtained in the tests; n stands for the number of the data set for the test.