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Because, as we know from the experimental stations experience, the geological factor mainly affected the efficiency of the thermochemical reactions, flowing in the process of gasification [9].
Tectonics of the Lvivskyi basin is affected by the higher grades faultings.
To compose mass balance it is necessary to know the proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, some physical and physico-chemical properties of raw materials, wastes, main and by-product.
Deformation properties of sedimentary rocks in the process of underground coal gasification.
The influence of fine particles of binding materials on the strength properties of hardening backfill.

This favourable microstructure has lead to the development of the FSW operation into a processing operation known as friction stir processing (FSP) which is carried out on monolithic work pieces in order to enhance their material properties.
Friction stir welding has been shown to be a viable method of joining superplastic materials by enabling the retention of existing superplastic properties within the weld region.
Welds in AA2004 are able to retain superplastic properties allowing uniform deformations of >200%.
Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design, Third edition, (2005), p. 271, ISBN 0-7506-6380-4
Mechanical properties of aluminum tailor welded blanks at superplastic temperatures, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Issue 1-3, Volume 128, (2002) pp 38-47

It can be seen that the meff enhancement in a narrow-fin NW device with WFin=20 nm at low Ns exceeds factor of 2; in particular, at Ns=1´1012 cm-2, it is ´2.1 (Fig. 3(c)), and it tends to vanish at high Ns.
In a planar (wide) device, this meff improvement is revealed above VFB (i.e., in accumulation region) and reaches a factor of 1.2, whereas in narrow NW devices, it is observed at both above and slightly below VFB (Fig. 3(a)) and reaches a higher factor.
However, we think that screening effect also affect the meff behavior in narrow NWs in the bulk conduction region.
The obtained results lead to the conclusion that factors which improve the electrostatic gate control and suppress short-channel effects (namely, the multi-gate structure and thinness of the silicon body) also suppress the impurity Coulomb scattering, and thereby improve the Coulomb-limited mobility in SOI MOSFETs with high doping concentration.
These findings are important in terms of physical understanding of transport properties of heavily-doped multi-gate SOI MOSFETs, and are of particular importance for modeling and performance evaluation of junctionless NW MOSFETs, because mobility degradation due to high doping was considered to be one of the most important limitations of these devices.

By utilizing a fluid with enhanced thermophysical properties such as nanofluids, some of the highlighted problems are remedied [11].
The Reynolds numbers of the flow and tube arrangements are critical factors that influences both heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
The cold fluid is homogenous and has constant properties.
Nanofluid Effective Properties.
The nanoparticle fluid properties defined in Eqs. 16 – 21 are used in the flow governing Eqs. 1 – 4 and the prescribed boundary conditions.

Especially, when dealing with uncertain influences e.g. by complex structure or a non-laboratory environment, these methods are often “able to characterize the underlying dependency of the identified features on the unobserved” factors [5].
For monitoring of single sensors the use of the Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) is suggested e.g. by Park et al. [7].
Approaches discussed in the literature are the nonlinear factor analysis [10] or the local principal component analysis [11].
As features, physical properties as well as other significant parameters extracted from the recorded data, e.g.
Kullaa, Nonlinear Factor Analysis in Structural Health Monitoring to Remove Environmental Effects, Proc. 6nd Intl.

This does not affect the maximum strength reached during stable sliding but it does cause the AFC to commence sliding in a less intense subsequent excitation.
They are a standard component in many mechanical engineering applications to maintain installed bolt tension.
Hence, the load amplifying factor (or the displacement decreasing factor) is (1071/478)=2.24.
Using BeSs reduces the sensitivity of the AFC bolts to the factors of the bolt tension loss, meaning that the post sliding bolt tension variability between bolts in a given AFC incorporating the BeSs will be much less than the variability in an AFC with no BeS.
Dynamic analysis of a complete multi-storey seismic resisting MDOF building allowing for the consideration of positively influential self-centering factors such as column continuity and column base, beam, diaphragm, and AFC bolts flexibilities is being carried out.

The Grain refinement effect is effective for improving mechanical properties of FSW joints, but the stability of refined grain structure is not always made clear.
These zone are called thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ).
Thus role of shoulder seems to be important in the instability of microstructure, since the shoulder-contacted region should have affected by the frictional stress longer time than the pin.
X and circle mean the absence and appearance of abnormal grain growth, respectively. 550 ������� 500 ™™™™™™™� 450 ™ 400 � 350 ™� 300 ™ 250 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000800600400300 550 ������� 500 ™™™™™™™� 450 ™ 400 � 350 ™� 300 ™ 250 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000800600400300 Rotation speed (rpm) Annealing Temperature (�) WS:100mm/min, Annealing time:103s deformation of 20%, a residual stress caused by FSW may be a key factor for the abnormal grain growth in the friction stirred zone of the alloy.

In recent years, due to the discovery that bisphenol A (BPA) is released in the process of aging degradation of PC, the application of PC has been negatively affected.
These internal defects then led to a decline in the mechanical property.
It is important to study the influence of processing temperature on the release of BPA contained in food contact material, which will help us understand the process under different temperatures, establish the relationship between the migration of BPA environmental hormone and thermal environment of PC, improve the aging property of materials, control thermal environment of food contact materials, and ensure food safety.
Fig. 1 FTIR spectra of PC at different temperatures Table 1 Influence of molding temperature on Ra Sample Temperature (°C) BPA Content ×102 1 200 7.8 2 230 9.2 The data in Table 1 indicate that heat is an important factor to promote the aging of polymers.
The result further verifies that the sample preparation temperature can affect the thermal stability of PC, accelerate its aging degradation, and generate other species, including BPA.

Particularly, for drilling of aluminum cast alloy, since the aluminum cast alloys have many unfavorable properties for dry cutting including high-thermal conductivity, high-thermal expansion and low-melting point, dry drilling of aluminum cast alloys without any cutting fluids is considered as a great difficult theme [8].
The material of the workpiece tested in this study was the aluminum cast alloy with high silicon (JIS ADC12), and the properties of the material listed in Table 2.
Table2� Properties of aluminum cast alloy (JIS ADC12) Cu Si Mg Zn Fe Mn Ni Sn Al Chemical properties 1.5-3.5 9.6-12.0 <0.3 <3.0 <1.3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.3 other Density Mg/m3 Solidification range ͠ Thermal Expansion ˜10-6/͠ Thermal Conductivity W/m㨯͠ Physical properties 2.70 515 – 580 21.0 92 Tensile strength N/mm2 2㧑 Offset yield Strength N/mm2 Elongation 㧑 Impact value k J/m2 Mechanical properties 295 185 2.0 81 Table3 Experimental conditions Cutting conditions Diameter of drill: 8mm Drilling position: 24mm in depth of drilling Cutting speed v: 50m/min Feed rate f: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2mm/rev Dry (Without any aid of coolant or lubricant supply) Air blow (Compressed air supplied through drill’s oil hole) supply air pressure: 0.8MPa Other conditions MQL (Oil mist supplied through drill’s oil hole) Equipment: Fuji BC Engineering Co., Ltd14) Fluid type: Vegetable oil Supply air pressure: 0.8Mpa Supply quantity:
And another factor, which must be considered, is the chip/flute adhesion (welding).
The chip/flute adhesion affects the chip formation and the chip removal strongly.

As a consequence, in recent years, remarkable research effort has been spent in the development of numerical models to evaluate preform properties.
The role of non-uniform spatial arrangement of fibers, as well as its relevant effect on the failure/damage properties of composite materials, has been highlighted by Vaughan et al in [20].
The opportunity of a proper consideration of the geometric disorder of the fiber distribution in RVE has been remarked in [21,22] and [23-26], respectively for mechanical properties and permeability calculations.
It was stated that periodic models could be used in some cases to compute effective properties if no safety assessment is needed [21].
Following these early works, this paper aims to investigate the influence of the stochastic variability of the fiber packing on tow properties.