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Most importantly, in order to achieve maximum conversion efficiency when the maximum power point changes based on solar irradiance, temperature, cells age, wind speed and other factors, the photovoltaic and wind energy sources require a maximum power point tracker.
As shown in Fig. 1, an energy storage system (ESS) is additionally connected to the main dc bus so as to overcome the intermittent properties of sustainable power sources and to support local power production in an islanded mode especially during power outages or natural disasters [18, 19].
The mechanical torque generated by the wind turbine is applied to the permanent magnetic generator.
Meanwhile, the assumption was made such that the power factor should be kept constant as 1.0.
· The temperature does not affect the model’s behavior

Soboyejo1,3 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, (AUST) , Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. 2Department of Engineering Infrastructure, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja, Nigeria. 3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering & Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), United States of America. 4Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria. 5Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio State, United States of America. 6 Integrity Engineering Services, DLloyd’s Register Energy, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Prior studies by Frankel et al [2] have revealed that the pitting of metals is controlled by factors such as: alloy composition, environment, potential and temperature.
However, multivariate regression models have been applied to the modeling of the relationships between multiple variables that affect strength, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance [11], these authors are unaware of the application of such models to the modeling of corrosion phenomena, such pit size and corrosion rate, and their dependence on pH and exposure duration.
Budinski, Engineering Materials, Properties and Selection, Ninth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, Columbus, Ohio. 133 – 166 (1986)
Frankel, Pitting corrosion of metals a review of the critical factors.

The engine oil evaluations include physical properties, wear and contaminant content and engine oil dilution.
The samples were analyzed for various physicochemical properties such as biodiesel/diesel/water content, oxidation stability and others (Table 1).
Viscosity is one of the important properties of lubricating oil.
These acidic materials can then increase the corrosion factor and reduce the lubricating oil service life.
Zdrodrowski et al., Effect of biodiesel (B20) on vehicle-aged engine oil properties, SAE Tech.

The coefficients of the correlation of a custom continuous WT with the stator current vector are used in [9] as a discriminating factor.
The motor-load inertia also affects the fb magnitude.
According to the filter-bank property of the DWT, an analysis level j bandwidths of the approximation Aj and detail Dj signal are related to sample rate fs according to (3)
The motor mechanical load was provided by a separately excited dc generator feeding a variable resistor.
Antoni, in: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 25 (2011), p. 485-520

· Both upper and lower run of the belt will be affected, and a strong coupling between both runs is constituted by the return drums.
The flexible deformation of the belt is given by the standard ordinary differential equation (ODE) where denotes the lateral bending moment in the belt, is the area moment of inertia, is the shear modulus, the elastic modulus, is the belt’s cross sectional area, and is a dimensionless form factor.
The comparison shows that the inherent properties of MPC pose a strong advantage over classical methods especially in terms of a balance between compliance to constraints and closed-loop performance.
Hoffmann: "Flat Belt Conveyor”; Cappadocia International Mechanical Engineering, 2004

Recent work has shown that the key factor in achieving optimum strength and extrudability is the correct "balance" of Mg and Si available to form MgXSi precipitates, with x close to 1, during heat treatment [4].
The study and characterisation of the type, stoichiometry and Mg and Si content of intermetallic phases is therefore of direct interest to the design of 6000 series alloys for optimum mechanical properties and extrudability.
For smaller particles, the surrounding matrix can affect the measured particle composition if the activation volume extends beyond the particle.

Method of microstresses evaluation In the present study, the microstresses of two kinds affect X-ray diffraction.
Discussion Since the texture is shown not to influence significantly the interphase stress behaviour, the main controlling factor is the evolution of pearlite microstructure.
Zolotorevsky (1974), Mechanical Testing and Properties of metals: Moscow, Metallurgia, p. 159-162. 5.

In this respect, the safety concerns are the most important factor in the operation of the subway system as the public transportation.
Among several areas of the operation of the subway system, the safety of subway vehicle itself is of important because the rolling stocks carry the passengers, and the safety and reliability of rolling stocks are directly affected for the safety of subway passengers.
According to Korean Metropolitan Railroad Law, the loading condition for the horizontal compressive testing is as follows, Horizontal Compressive Load = (Empty Car Body Weight + Passenger Weight - Bogie Weight - Bareframe Weight) + Compressive Load = (33 ton + 20 ton - 12 ton - 11.7 ton) + 50 ton = Vertical Load (29.3 ton) + Compressive Load (50 ton) (1) The material of subway car body was mild steel (SS400) for the structural analysis, the mechanical properties of SS400 were as follows; the yield strength of 245.2 MPa and the tensile strength of 402.1 MPa, respectively.

The Influence of Steel Cover Thickness on Ballistic Performance of Confined TiC-TiB2 Ceramic Tiles Against the Impact of Long-Rod Tungsten Alloy Penetrator of 1.4 km · s-1 Chuanzeng Pan a, Zhongmin Zhao b, Long Zhang and Jing Zhang Department of Vehicle and Electric Engineering, Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China a pan.chz@163.com, bzhao_zhongmin@163.net Keywords: TiC-TiB2 ceramic armor, DOP test; cover plate; ballistic performance Abstract.
There have been a number of investigations to utilize the high compressive strength and low density properties of ceramics for designing lightweight armor.
These mechanisms may be affected by the rigidity of the armor module, the constraints introduced by the mounting systems, and the design of the backing layer [5].
As the Mescall zone in the ceramic target was rather concentrated around the penetrator, the resistance to comminuting had been identified as a significant factor governing the ballistic performance of this ceramic tile, and the primary mechanism for defeating the long-rod penetrator was erosion.

Influence of Yield Strength of Ti-Alloy Liner on Crater Diameter Formed by Shaped Charge Jet Penetration Jian Guo1,2,a, Yong He2,b*, Qiangqiang Xiao2,c, Zhengxiang Huang2,d, Yaping Tan2,e 1Office of Science and Technology Research, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing, China a64417300@qq.com, b*yhe1964@njust.edu.cn, cxiao_wawj@njust.edu.cn, dhuangyue@mail.njust.edu.cn, etanyaping420@163.com Keywords: shaped charge (SC); yield strength of liner; crater diameter; concrete target Abstract: In order to study influence of yield strength of liner on aperture diameter when liner material has high strength, the initial aperture and final aperture diameter were analyzed by considering yield strength of liner material.
Introduction For tandem penetrating battle, the aperture diameter of the forward SC is the key factor which affects whether the later projectile following successfully and the following penetration ability of the later projectile.
With the increasing requirement of aperture diameter of SC, low density Ti alloy material [28-30] is applied to liner manufacturing, Ti alloy material has many properties such as low density, high strength, part of the titanium alloy material yield strength can even reach to GPa.