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These properties resulted in a wide array of applications of chitosan in biomedical and drug delivery research.
It is known that the mechanical properties such as swelling behavior and thermal properties of gelatin NPs depend significantly on the degree of cross-linking between cationic and anionic groups.
These properties of gelatin can be manipulated to prepare desired type of NPs from gelatin.
Li, Effect of abiotic factors on the antibacterial activity of chitosan against waterborne pathogens, Bioresour.Technol. 88 (2003) 179-184
Wright, Properties and stability of solid lipid particle dispersions based on canola stearin and Poloxamer 188, J.

Materials properties become a function of their size and shape at 1-100 nm scale due to strong quantum mechanical effects, including surface effects.
Grain boundaries play a major role in nanomaterials, and strongly affect properties and processing.
It is reported that particular InGaN QW heterostructure designs enabled significantly reduced voltages and ideality factors in InGaN LEDs.
This phenomenon is a severe problem affecting predominantly high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and semiconductor injection lasers, both of which operate at inherently high current densities.
Gleiter, Nanocrystalline intermetallic compounds--structure and mechanical properties, Mater.

However, the expansion properties and mechanism of cement-based materials containing CaO-type expansive agent are still unclear.
In fact, the hydration and expansion of expansive components in concrete are complex chemical-mechanical processes, and the hydration rate of expansive components seriously affects the expansion and cracking processes of the materials.
Arrhenius's law reveals the relationship written as (5) or (6) in which, A is the frequency factor, with unit the same as rate constant k; Ea is the activation energy, as it is obtained based on Arrhenius equation, it also called apparent activation energy, with the unit kJ/mol; T is the reaction temperature, with unit K; R is the conventional gas constant.

For reinforced concrete structure or pre-stressed concrete structure under general load, reinforcing bars really can support biggish tensile stress and availably control outspread of concrete crack [2], but how will the different reinforcements collocated in concrete pier affect its temperature and stress under temperature load?
Based on correlative information [9,10], We chose mechanics and thermal properties of the model’s material, for example, thermal expansion factor of concrete and reinforcement are respectively and , Poisson’s ratio of concrete and reinforcement are respectively 0.2 and 0.3.
When an object is in a non-uniform temperature field, if the mechanical stress is omitted for a while, actual strain values of the object can be regarded as the strain values at some meaning of average temperature.

Such cracking has a relatively small affect on the stiffness of a structure but does initiate other types of damage such as fibre breakage and delamination.
When a notch of 2 mm was introduced into one side of the specimen, the approximate failure load was found to be 13.0 kN at 3.35 mm extension, giving a critical stress intensity factor of around 34 MPa/mm1/2 [1].
Tests were conducted at a ramp rate of 3.33 x 10 -3 m/s on an Instron 5500 servo-mechanical test machine.
Conclusions and future work Some of the limitations and advantages of DIC and TSA have been demonstrated in this paper with several useful properties being confirmed for cross-ply laminates.

With increasing temperature within the 170 and 230°C range, the elongation increases by a factor of 1.6 to 4.5 depending on the strain rate.
The magnitude and distribution of the r-values affects the shape of the yield locus and are used to identify the corresponding yield locus model coefficients.
Only a mechanical model is used for the simulations.
They must be processed with forming methods that take the specific properties of this class of alloys into account.

Since the analysis of PCGCSW is a rather complicated problem, it is difficult to study its mechanical properties by analytical method, and FEM software is always adopted to finish this kind of work [2].
(2)The measured value of elevation of box-girder is affected significantly by the deflection of the beam caused by the temperature effect at the biggest cantilever stage.
In this case, since the concrete density is the main influencing factor for the load case of concrete pouring assuming the elastic modulus of materials is accurate enough, the difference between the FEA and measured results can be mainly attributed to the concrete density used in the FE model is too large.

., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,43600 Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43300 Selangor, Malaysia afatah667@yahoo.com, bmashema69@gmail.com Keywords: Phase Change Material, Thermal Energy Storage, RBFNN.
Then investigate the optimum physical properties of the PCM on the thermal performance under a variety of loads and control strategies.
PCM spheres inside solar collector For Heat Transfer Factor (HTF): (1) Where: Ac : The storage tank cross sectional area; C : Specific heat; L: Storage duct Height; hs: coefficient of HTF and PCM heat transfer; T: temperature; T: time; Vmax : HTF velocity; e: Void fraction; x: Storage duct Axial direction.
Figure 6, shows airflow is significantly affected by ball diameter compare with bed length.

However, under the outside dynamic loads, the substantial vibration of the large-span structures will affect the normal use of the entire building and even cause destruction if the vibration control does not be carried on.
Giant Magnetostrictive Material (known as GMM) is a kind of new intelligent materials, its length and volume will change and the external power will be produced under the action of the magnetic field, and it can return to its original size after removing the external magnetic field, such performance can effectively achieve the conversion between electromagnetic energy and mechanical energy, so it is an important conversion function materials of energy and information[2].
Fuzzy processing Assume that node displacement and acceleration of the node domain is [-1,1], using formulation 16, two variables were calculated scale factor of dimentional change kacc, kdis。
Conclusions (1) On the basis of magnetic properties of GMM, and dynamic characteristics of large spatial active control, the GMM actuator was designed for civil engineering structures

Main advantages of using Sn-Ag-Cu based solders are attributable to their low melting point, excellent mechanical properties and good solderability compared to other lead (Pb) free solder alternatives.
The factor whether alloying element dissolves in solvent or formation of secondary phase will determine the magnitude of lattice strain-scattering that leads to electrical resistivity [11].
According to Medgyes et al. (2013), this halide was a very potent agent that affects the SnO2 protective layer that forms on the surface of the solder paste alloy [16].