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Poplar, due to its abundant resources and advantages of short growth cycle, straight grain, even texture, etc., is increasingly used in wood industry of China.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the State Forestry Administration of China through grant number 2011-4-12 and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Arrays of parallel layered surfaces are observed in the SEM picture (Fig.4a) for the film deposited at a solution pH 1.5 Small pores are also observed on the surface and fine grains are not observed in the micrograph.
Co-Ni alloy film prepared at solution pH 3.5 (Fig.4b) reveals comparatively a smooth surface and the number of pores is found to be reduced.

The results show an average grain size of 5.6 m (ASTM 12), the hardness was 74.7 in Brinell scale.
An equation to calculate the Fe content on the zinc coating was developed during this work as follows:   t n i iFei Fe   * (1) Where i is the thickness of each phase, t the total thickness and n the number of phases within the coating.

The static magnetic field changes the morphology of chromatic conversion coating, which led to a significant decrease on the number of microcracks in the coating.
The phosphate-permanganate conversion coating is composed of an amorphous structure and Zn2Mg(PO4)2 nanocrystallines with grain size less than 10 nm which embedded in an amorphous matrix.

One of the main contributors to poor removal rates for the colloidal silica CMP process is its tendency to selectively etch defects, grain boundaries and scratches.
Acknowledgement The work presented was funded by DARPA/MTO - contract number DAAD19-02-1-0231.

Introduction The increasing maturity of SiC technology has been demonstrated by the growing number of companies offering SiC substrates, with or without epitaxy on top.
The growth mode was stable on the whole sample surface except, in some cases, at the center of wafer were a few polycrystalline grains formed during the last hour of the run.

A hardness number is then calculated using the test load, the impression length, and a shape factor for the indenter type used for the test.
The metallurgical microscope is used for revealing microstructure of the materials, grain size, inclusions and surface defects.

Phytic acid（C6H18O24P6）, as a natural and innocuous organic phosphorous compound extracted from grain crops, is a rarely seen metal polydentate chelator.
Therefore, chelation occurs to Mg2+ and Al3+ that obtained through dissolution of base alloy anode, and phytic acid, so the chelator is the main component of the phytic acid conversion coating; Content of P (percentage by weight) decreases with larger pH value, and its content is 11.21% when pH value is 2.5, this number drops to 3.18% when pH value is 8; reversely, content of Mg (percentage by weight) increases with pH value, Mg content is 20.07% when pH value is 2.5 and then it soars up to 46.14% when pH value is 8.

One can see that small tungsten particles whose average grain size is around 5 nm are well dispersed in carbon host matrix.
The layer numbered as 3 plays a role as a sensor, and layer 2 in between them is for electrically insulating layer.

For validation purpose (to reduce the number of components in the system) as a model experiment we use as filler pure Sn.
The Cu6Sn5|Sn interfaces obtained by the reflow technique and after 3h annealing time show a nonuniform thickness (escallop-like grains).