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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Qian He, Gang Fu, Jian Hua Lin
This is a short-time Fourier transform is superior to the most commonly used local Wigner distribution. 3 TFD is based Adaptive Variable notch In the non-linear time-frequency distribution, Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) for LFM signal having the best time-frequency aggregation, is ideally suited for signal processing class for LFM (chirp-like), single-component LFM interference signal WVD amplitude spectrum appears focused on its instantaneous frequency rate of change along the line; while transmitting data and Gaussian white noise spectrum is flat below the noise amplitude spectrum, through the high-energy spectrum in the frequency domain information can be estimated interference instantaneous frequency signal (IF) parameters (center frequency and frequency modulation), pursuant to which the corresponding notch filter can be carried notch.
Fig4 The interfering suppression principle of signals comprehensive based on TFD Because when the spread spectrum signal and noise frequency characteristics difficult to distinguish, unscreened interference when leaving the entire time and cross-term interference to carry large amounts of energy sidelobe interference, interference and noise spread spectrum signal, and between self-related items often extended to frequency domain reference signal and the phase matching of input data is often used and other reasons, even if an excellent combination of the spread spectrum signal in which the power of the weak by simply making it difficult to match the data sequence to obtain an accurate phase, it is generally used CAP two kinds of methods, namely, integrated interference signal.
But this method is easy to produce a phase and amplitude blur, which is the key to the reduction or complete removal of the interference.
Online since: December 2007
Authors: Liang Zhong Xiang, Fei Fan Zhou
One set of data at 200 different positions was taken when the receiver moves over 360 0.
After 200 series of data were recorded, the photoacoustic image was reconstructed with the filtered back projection algorithm [12].
The total acquisition time for one photoacoustic time trace, consisting of 32 averages and including the data transfer from the oscilloscope to the computer, was about 4 s at each position.
In the future, the reduction of the scanning time will be realized by using an array of simultaneously sampled acoustic detectors and a laser with a higher pulse rate.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: D.W. Walsh, Mark L. Bright, Trevor L. Jackson, D.B. Gibbs
Hot ductility of tested samples was measured as the percent reduction in area.
Weld Metal Maximum Crack Length Material Threshold Strain (%) Saturation Strain (%) MCL (mm) Incoloy 903 BM 0.25 4.0 0.56 Kovar BM 2.0 2.0 0.12 Incoloy 903 WM 0.25 4.0 2.3 Kovar WM 2.0 4.0 0.58 Table 3 - Varestraint data summary for Kovar and 903 Gleeble Test Results.
Table 4 presents the compiled data.
Hot Ductility Test Results for Incoloy 903 Table 4 - Gleeble Hot Ductility data summary for Kovar and Incoloy 903 Material DRR NST-DRT (C) NST-NDT (C) Incoloy 903 0.82 130 44 Kovar 0.97 14 7 Conclusions The Varestraint weldability test and the Gleeble hot ductility measurements gave consistent results.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Valerie Randle, Gregory Owen
However typically GBE processing involves several iterations (e.g. 3-7) of cold work (e.g. 20%- 40% reduction) and annealing (e.g. above the recrystallisation temperature for a few minutes) which results in a fine grain size and certain property improvements [5].
Data were collected using an HKL Technology Channel 5 electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system interfaced to a Philips XL30 scanning electron microscope operated at 20kV.
The very large data sets acquired give confidence in the counting statistics.
Data from GBE brass have approximately the same number fraction of Σ3s (38%) than the GBE Cu, a lower number fraction of Σ9s and Σ27s but a markedly different microstructure, where twins are not incorporated into the grain boundary network and instead the network is modified indirectly via the modification to the boundary crystallography that results from twinning.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: S. Karthik, M. Mohan Prashanth, K. Annamalai, C.D. Naiju
Table 5 DFA of Top Assembly Per Product Data Entities (Including repeats) Labour Time (s) Labour Cost ($) Component Parts 13 87.35 0.85 Subassemblies Partially or Fully Analyzed 2 6.90 0.07 Subassemblies not to be Analysed 0 0.00 0.00 Standard and Library Operations 0 0.00 0.00 Totals 15 94.25 0.92 Table 6 DFA of Cabinet Assembly Per Product Data Entities (Including repeats) Labour Time (s) Labour Cost ($) Component Parts 33 247.38 2.4 Subassemblies Partially or Fully Analyzed 4 26.70 0.26 Subassemblies not to be Analysed 0 0.00 0.00 Standard and Library Operations 0 0.00 0.00 Totals 37 274.08 2.66 Table 7 DFA of Suspension Assembly Per Product Data Entities (Including repeats) Labour Time (s) Labour Cost ($) Component Parts 38 260.00 2.52 Subassemblies Partially or Fully Analyzed 6 20.70 0.2 Subassemblies not to be Analysed 0 0.00 0.00 Standard and Library Operations 4 28.00 0.27 Totals 48 308.70 2.99 Final Assembly Cost Analysis The main assembly of washing
Marcelo: Cost reduction of a diesel engine using the DFMA, Product: Management and Development, Vol. 4.
Online since: January 2006
Authors: Boris B. Straumal, Vera G. Sursaeva
The shape of a moving GB is a source of very useful data with regard to • The orientation dependence of GB surface tension and GB mobility; • Interaction between a moving GB and different kinds of obstacles.
Experimental Only bicrystal techniques permit us to obtain reliable and reproducible data on GB mobility.
Despite the change of the GB shape we suppose that the driving force is provided by reduction of GBs energy and reads (per unit area): 500µm 618K a p γ2 = , (3) where γ is the surface tension of GB and a is the width of the shrinking grain.
Experimental data correlated well with predictions from the impurity drag theory [12, 13].
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Jean-Pierre Chante, Dominique Planson, Christophe Raynaud, Mihai Lazar, S.R. Wang
The last data points which are drawn are considered as the breakdown voltage (next point is more than 0.1 µA).
This leads to a severe reduction in breakdown voltages of these diodes (~500 V).
For JTE-protected diodes, a peak close to the emitter occurs at much higher voltage (~800 V), due to the lateral extension of the space charge region, as shown 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 100 experimental data at 0 V simulated curve with τ = 450 ns simulated curve with τ = 50 ns OBIC intensity (A.U) X (µm) Figure 5 : Comparison of theoretical curves with experimental data obtained at 0 V on the diode without JTE (cf.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Mei Zhan, Pei Pei Zhang, He Yang, Tao Huang
(4) Where Sk*, k =1,2…m is a group of nonnegative dimensionless data.
So as to solve the problem, take advantage of the finite element method to obtain the data required by the functional relation firstly, and then use the regression analysis method or graphics to establish the system model.
As it can be seen from the data in Table 3: (1) Sk(E)<0, Sk(n) <0, Sk(σs)>0 and Sk(K) >0, indicate that the reduction in the elastic modulus or the strain hardening exponent, or the increase in the initial yield stress or the strength coefficient, leads the increases in the springback angle. (2) Since︱Sk(σs)︱and︱Sk(K)︱increase with the increasing of initial yield stress and the strength coefficient, the fluctuation of the springback angle from the reference value goes abruptly.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jie Qin, Gong Guo Liu, Fei Hu Long
The pilot plant applies the rotary hearth furnace (RHF) and deep-reduction electric arc furnace (EAF) to treat the vanadium and titanium magnetite.
With the rotation of the wheels, the materials are compressed gradually and at the point B get preloading and achieve the final pression at point C ahere the pressure reaches the maximum data.
Table 1 Main equipment parameters of the briquetter Items Unit Data Rolling wheels mm Φ1000×600 (diameter×width) Rotating speed of wheels r/min 0-12 Production capacity t/h 22-28 pressure t 0-300 Line pressure on wheels t/cm 0-5 Power of the main motor kw 280 Power of the preloading motor kw 30 Outline dimensions mm 6200×4300×3600(length×width×height) The vanadium-titanium concentrate and coal powder are the materials of the pilot plant.
Table 2 Components and gradation composition of the iron ore concentrate FeO Fe2O3 TiO2 V2O5 S Water <0.048mm <0.075mm <0.106mm 32.16 42.18 10.77 0.666 0.292 2.0 21% 36% 52% Table 3 Components and gradation composition of the coal powder C Ad Vdaf Std Water <0.044mm <0.075mm <0.106mm 71.03 13.54 17.84 0.52 <1 31% 66.5% 73.3% According to the data showed in table 2 and table 3, we know that the iron ore concentrate is composed by particles with different sizes as well as the coal powder.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ismail Hanafi, Nadras Othman, N.H.H. Shuhaimi, N.S. Ishak, S. Sasidharan
A lot of data can be obtained from reograph such as scorch time, tS2 as the premature of vulcanization occur, minimum torque, ML as the measurement viscosity of uncured compound, maximum torque, MH where the maximum viscosity of rubber compound can be obtained, optimum torque at 90%, M90, and also the optimum cure time, t90.
The minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), scorch time (tS2) and optimum cure time (t90) data were been collected from rheographs for each rubber compounds.
For optimum torque (M90) and curing rate, the data were obtained by doing some calculation.
Meanwhile, the reduction was indicated to the decomposition of crosslink by thermal ageing [13].
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