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Online since: May 2014
Authors: Xiao Kang Tang, Xue Zhi Zhang, Qiong Zou, You Guo Wei, Cheng Jun Cao
A discretization method of Continuous attributes based on rough set
Tang Xiaokang1, a,Zhang Xuezhi1, a, Zouqiong1, a,Wei Youguo1, a,
Cao Chengjun2, b
1Wuhan Mechanical Technology Colledge, Wuhan , China
268202 forces,Tianshui, China
Keywords: The rough set ; Discretization; Conditional entropy; A decision table
Abstract.when the rough set be used to deal with Knowledge representation system, the data in decision table should be expressed in discrete data, if some conditions or decision attribute is continuous value, which should be discrete Before process.Discretization is not specific data processing only by rough set theory , people have conducted extensive research on discretization problem before the rough set theory put forward , and Made a lot of progress ,but the discretization technique is can not be completely in common used in every subject, different areas have their own unique requirements and handling .This paper proposes a discretization algorithm based on regular
As a new mathematical tool, Rough set theory can effectively deal with the fuzzy and imprecise problems, mining and processing the data in the complex system information。
(4)Coding the breakpoint of condition attribute value after discretization by arabic numeral from small to large . 2.2example analysis Adopt example in reference [4] to experiment as shown in table 1, the example has 11 conditon attributes and 1 decision attribute, 21 groups data altogether.
data in table 1as the training sample , other 6 groups as test data, discrete the continuous attribute by the algorithm In this paper, obtain ,,the breakpoint number of every condition attribute which finally determined by the algorithm In this paper and the discretization results are shown in table 2, obtain the minimum reduction after reduce by the method adopt in reference: Table 2 The discretization results Condition attribute K Discretization interval 1 2 3 4 S1 0 [0.2,0.8] S2 2 [0,0.3) [0.3,0.6) [0.6,0.9] S3 0 [0,0.9] S4 1 [0.1,0.55) [0.55,1] S5 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S6 0 [0,1] S7 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S8 1 [0,0.45) [0.45,0.9] S9 3 [0,0.225) [0.225,0.45) [0.45,0.675) [0.675,0.9] S10 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S11 1 [0,0.5) [0.5,1] Feedback information with decision attribute of entropy condition attribute which based on regular conditional entropy of continuous attribute discretization algorithm, can
Analysis on attribute reduction strategies of rough set[J].
As a new mathematical tool, Rough set theory can effectively deal with the fuzzy and imprecise problems, mining and processing the data in the complex system information。
(4)Coding the breakpoint of condition attribute value after discretization by arabic numeral from small to large . 2.2example analysis Adopt example in reference [4] to experiment as shown in table 1, the example has 11 conditon attributes and 1 decision attribute, 21 groups data altogether.
data in table 1as the training sample , other 6 groups as test data, discrete the continuous attribute by the algorithm In this paper, obtain ,,the breakpoint number of every condition attribute which finally determined by the algorithm In this paper and the discretization results are shown in table 2, obtain the minimum reduction after reduce by the method adopt in reference: Table 2 The discretization results Condition attribute K Discretization interval 1 2 3 4 S1 0 [0.2,0.8] S2 2 [0,0.3) [0.3,0.6) [0.6,0.9] S3 0 [0,0.9] S4 1 [0.1,0.55) [0.55,1] S5 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S6 0 [0,1] S7 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S8 1 [0,0.45) [0.45,0.9] S9 3 [0,0.225) [0.225,0.45) [0.45,0.675) [0.675,0.9] S10 3 [0,0.25) [0.25,0.5) [0.5,0.75) [0.75,1] S11 1 [0,0.5) [0.5,1] Feedback information with decision attribute of entropy condition attribute which based on regular conditional entropy of continuous attribute discretization algorithm, can
Analysis on attribute reduction strategies of rough set[J].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: P. Seenikannan, Natesan Kanthavelkumaran
Varieties of results obtained, that shows around 50% reduction in smoke, 33% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions.
The CO and HC emissions were also measured for diesel and all blended fuels by using the data obtained from the exhaust gas analyzer.
A 2.6 % reduction in brake power is obtained with the B30 blend.
The engine with B30 blend shows 3.4% reduction in BTE.
The results show around 50% reduction in smoke, 34% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions at maximum load conditions.
The CO and HC emissions were also measured for diesel and all blended fuels by using the data obtained from the exhaust gas analyzer.
A 2.6 % reduction in brake power is obtained with the B30 blend.
The engine with B30 blend shows 3.4% reduction in BTE.
The results show around 50% reduction in smoke, 34% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions at maximum load conditions.
Investigation on Vibration Reduction Effects of a New Vibration Isolation Module for Pier Foundation
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wei Ping Xie, Zhao Xia Ma, Guang Cai Yan
Investigation on vibration reduction effects of a new vibration isolation module for pier foundation
Zhaoxia Ma 1,2, a, Weiping Xie 1,a and Guangcai Yan3,a
1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
2Hubei University of Technology Engineering and Technology College, Wuhan, China
3 Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
a zhaoxiama@foxmail.com
Keywords: Vibration isolation module; vibration isolation; peak acceleration; vibration level
Abstract.
The simulation and measured results suggest that vibration reduction effects are satisfactory.
The vertical, radial horizontal and tangential horizontal vibration levels of each measuring point under various working conditions were calculated and the vibration reduction effects of the vibration isolation module were evaluated.
The vibration levels can be calculated from the measured and numerical simulation calculated acceleration data of each measuring point.
The simulation and measured results suggest that vibration reduction effects are satisfactory.
The vertical, radial horizontal and tangential horizontal vibration levels of each measuring point under various working conditions were calculated and the vibration reduction effects of the vibration isolation module were evaluated.
The vibration levels can be calculated from the measured and numerical simulation calculated acceleration data of each measuring point.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Jin Hong Ma, Xiao Han Yao, Bin Tao
According to the production data of a rolling H-beam factory, the FE model of hot continuous rolling process of H-beam is built.
In which ——Datum deformation resistance, that is resistance in condition of =1000℃, and s-1 ——the degree of deformation (logarithmic strain); ——the deformation speed; , ——the regression coefficient, whose value depends on the steel grade For the 25 steel, =150.6MPa,,,,,,。
Because of different reduction of each pass, metal flow hassubtle changes, but the trend is similar.
In this paper, It mainly analysed that the reduction of web is not varied at 21.36%, when the metal flow of web changes , the metal flow will change.When the web reduction is 21.25%, the X, Y, Z direction node displacement contours are respectively shown in Fig.4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c).
That is, the web reduction increases and the the free extension of flange increases.
In which ——Datum deformation resistance, that is resistance in condition of =1000℃, and s-1 ——the degree of deformation (logarithmic strain); ——the deformation speed; , ——the regression coefficient, whose value depends on the steel grade For the 25 steel, =150.6MPa,,,,,,。
Because of different reduction of each pass, metal flow hassubtle changes, but the trend is similar.
In this paper, It mainly analysed that the reduction of web is not varied at 21.36%, when the metal flow of web changes , the metal flow will change.When the web reduction is 21.25%, the X, Y, Z direction node displacement contours are respectively shown in Fig.4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c).
That is, the web reduction increases and the the free extension of flange increases.
Online since: November 2021
Authors: Mohanraj Murugesan, Dong Won Jung, Krishna Singh Bhandari, Jae Hag Hahn
The results are considered for the DIC analysis and achieved results in terms of SS curves from the DIC analysis compared with the experimental data.
The results were observed to be within a range of 5% and granted reliable data.
The maximum thickness reduction was determined to be 0.377 mm close to the tool extraction region.
It proves that as the forming depth increases, the thinning reduction also increases and vice versa.
Besides, the thinning reduction was identified to be more in the cone frustum part than that of the pyramid frustum.
The results were observed to be within a range of 5% and granted reliable data.
The maximum thickness reduction was determined to be 0.377 mm close to the tool extraction region.
It proves that as the forming depth increases, the thinning reduction also increases and vice versa.
Besides, the thinning reduction was identified to be more in the cone frustum part than that of the pyramid frustum.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: In Ho Jung, Jing Su, Stephen Yue, Abu Syed Kabir, Mehdi Sanjari
The hardness of the HSR and LSR specimens at the reduction of 23%.
Effect of rolling reduction on static recrystallization.
The effect of reduction on the kinetics of softening is demonstrated in the plot of lnln(1/(1-Xv)) versus lnt of HSR specimens at reductions of 8%, 23% and 30% (shown in Fig. 6).
It is noted that below the turning point, the exponent n1 is higher, while over this fraction, a much lower exponent n2 is required to fit the experimental data.
When the reduction is increased, the value of n1 increases; while the average value of n2 is around 0.4 for all three reductions.
Effect of rolling reduction on static recrystallization.
The effect of reduction on the kinetics of softening is demonstrated in the plot of lnln(1/(1-Xv)) versus lnt of HSR specimens at reductions of 8%, 23% and 30% (shown in Fig. 6).
It is noted that below the turning point, the exponent n1 is higher, while over this fraction, a much lower exponent n2 is required to fit the experimental data.
When the reduction is increased, the value of n1 increases; while the average value of n2 is around 0.4 for all three reductions.
Online since: April 2023
Authors: V.T. Fomichev, G.P. Gubarevich, A.V. Savchenko
The experimental data on the content of gases in the chromium deposits obtained from electrolytes with gallic acid additive and without it have been presented.
The considered experimental data make it possible to confirm the influence of organic substances on the process of chromium electrocrystallization.
Simultaneously, the data on the content of gases in the chromium films obtained in the chromium plating electrolyte with the gallic acid additive (table 1) make it possible to associate the texture-related, morphological characteristics (fig. 1) of the coating with the amount of gases in the deposit.
These data allow the assumption that a decrease in the hardness of chromium deposits obtained from electrolytes with organic additives is a result of the formation of a deposit of increased purity.
Ivanov, Investigation of the process of cathodic reduction of oxide-hydroxide compounds of low-valence chromium, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry.
The considered experimental data make it possible to confirm the influence of organic substances on the process of chromium electrocrystallization.
Simultaneously, the data on the content of gases in the chromium films obtained in the chromium plating electrolyte with the gallic acid additive (table 1) make it possible to associate the texture-related, morphological characteristics (fig. 1) of the coating with the amount of gases in the deposit.
These data allow the assumption that a decrease in the hardness of chromium deposits obtained from electrolytes with organic additives is a result of the formation of a deposit of increased purity.
Ivanov, Investigation of the process of cathodic reduction of oxide-hydroxide compounds of low-valence chromium, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Hyun Jung Kim, René A. Silva, Jeong Hyun Park, Jeong Sik Hong, Hee Jae Kim, Jay Hyun Park
Thus, important reductions of the process efficiencies could be generated.
The oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH were measured every 24 hours.
The results obtained were similar for all the parameters analyzed (i.e. pH, ORP, total concentration of Fe, Fe2+, and Fe3+) and no difference was observed while increasing the NOM concentration (Data not shown).
In contrast, no differences were obtained in the concentration of Fe2+ ion, pH and ORP trends while varying the suspended NOM concentrations, which were in accordance to the trends observed in the attached NOM experiments (Data not shown).
The ORP trend increased to 610 mV in the first 60 h of experiment, which remained almost constant until the end of the experiment (Data not shown).
The oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH were measured every 24 hours.
The results obtained were similar for all the parameters analyzed (i.e. pH, ORP, total concentration of Fe, Fe2+, and Fe3+) and no difference was observed while increasing the NOM concentration (Data not shown).
In contrast, no differences were obtained in the concentration of Fe2+ ion, pH and ORP trends while varying the suspended NOM concentrations, which were in accordance to the trends observed in the attached NOM experiments (Data not shown).
The ORP trend increased to 610 mV in the first 60 h of experiment, which remained almost constant until the end of the experiment (Data not shown).
Hydrothermally Synthesized Magnetically Separable RGO Supported Nanocomposite for Water Purification
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Cheol Sang Kim, Mahesh Kumar Joshi, Hem Raj Pant, Han Joo Kim, Ni Na Liao, Jun Hee Kim, Bishnu Kumar Shrestha, Chan Hee Park
UV-visible spectra showing gradual reduction of 4-NP over different catalyst dose; (a) 0.4 g/L and (d) 1.6 g/L.
The rate of reduction of p-nitrophenol was found to be directly propositional to the dose of the composite.
The peak at 400 nm gradually decreased in the reduction process and finally disappeared at its completion.
Das, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 58 (2013) 3477-3488
Liu, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 56 (2010) 138-141
The rate of reduction of p-nitrophenol was found to be directly propositional to the dose of the composite.
The peak at 400 nm gradually decreased in the reduction process and finally disappeared at its completion.
Das, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 58 (2013) 3477-3488
Liu, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 56 (2010) 138-141
Online since: February 2026
Authors: Hawraa Abdulelah, Ali Lateef Tarish, Ahmed H. N. Al-Mudhafar
It provides high- resolution, full-summer simulation data using DesignBuilder, specifically validated for the extreme conditions of Basra, Iraq, addressing a lack of localized performance data crucial for practical nZEB implementation in this region.
Hourly Typical Meteorological Year (TMY3) data for Basra, Iraq, sourced from the EnergyPlus weather database, was utilized.
The daily temperature variation data reveal a significant reduction in fluctuations, which improves thermal comfort and reduces HVAC loads.
The figure 7 displays daily operative temperature data for January in Basra, comparing three roofing systems: traditional, PCM 24, and PCM 29.
[23] PureTemp LLC, Technical Data Sheet: PureTemp 29, PureTemp LLC, 2023
Hourly Typical Meteorological Year (TMY3) data for Basra, Iraq, sourced from the EnergyPlus weather database, was utilized.
The daily temperature variation data reveal a significant reduction in fluctuations, which improves thermal comfort and reduces HVAC loads.
The figure 7 displays daily operative temperature data for January in Basra, comparing three roofing systems: traditional, PCM 24, and PCM 29.
[23] PureTemp LLC, Technical Data Sheet: PureTemp 29, PureTemp LLC, 2023