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In recent work [5], we have also reported the experimental fitting of the effective vacancy diffusion coefficient in iron containing C on the number and size distribution of interstitial loops under ion irradiation.
First, in order to determine the optimal number of C atoms bound to a vacancy, we have studied the structures and stabilities of small VCn complexes.
Values in parentheses indicate the number of bonds corresponding to each bond order.
This condition may correspond to either the system being in thermal equilibrium or under high temperature irradiation when the concentration of vacancies is controlled by sinks of point defects e.g. dislocations, surfaces and grain boundaries [8].

Therefore, the total susceptibility χ is given as k T C T C + + += θ χ 2 1 (1) Two different Curie constants C1 and C2 are used to incorporate the possibility that they may be different and C (C1 or C2) is given by B B knSSgC 3/)1( 22 0 + = µµ (2) Where µ0 is magnetic constant, g is the Landé factor, µB is Bohr magneton, n is number of isolated free Co ions (C1) or clustered Co ions (C2) per unit volume, and kB is the Boltzmann constant.
In the model of Lawes et al., however, the number of isolated free Co ions or clustered Co ions per unit volume is computed by assuming random substitution of Co at the Zn site while in our model the number is derived by assuming the same effective magnetic moment for isolated free Co spins for all Zn1-xCoxO with different Co concentration.
It could also be used to analyze anisotropic ferromagnetism in substituted zinc oxide films in addition to a spin-split donor impurity-band model, 22 and Co oxide grains or microclusters found in pulsed laser deposited thin films. 6,10 A technique such as electron paramagnetic resonance can be used to directly verify the presence of two distinct substituent Co spins in Co substituted ZnO as hypothesized in this work.

Material composition of SAFC raw mixes Raw mix number Material content [%] Mf Мs Marble crushing screening Ferrous bauxite Neutralized fluorine-anhydrite Bauxite 1 Bauxite 2 1 29.04 52.81 - 18.15 0.35 0.167 2 39.23 - 44.69 16.08 0.35 0.167 3 40.25 - 39.68 20.07 0.7 0.5 4 31.38 47.21 - 21.41 0.7 0.5 The detected patterns are explained by higher values of basicity modulus and alumina modulus of the initial bauxite.
Calculated mineral composition of SAFC Raw mix number Mineral content [%] C2S 3(СА)·0,3СŜ 3(СF)·0,3СŜ С2F·СŜ 1 10.28 65.04 19.10 - 2 17.27 59.19 19.31 - 3 16.12 53.07 - 27.01 4 9.90 58.35 - 26.75 It was found that for low-alkaline mixes the endothermic effect in the temperature range of 450-550 °C (with a maximum at 500-509 °C) associated with the decomposition of diaspore, boehmite and goethite at BQC = 2.2 (bauxite 1) is higher than at BQC = 1.7 (bauxite 2), which is explained by the high content of alumina hydrates in the first sample of bauxite.
Actual mineral composition of SAFC BQC Raw mix number Mineral content. [%] Mf Мs C2S 3(СА)·0,3СŜ 3(СF)·0,3СŜ С2F·СŜ СŜ 2.2 1 10.31 66.72 13.64 - 9.33 0.25 0.33 1.7 2 17.19 61.01 9.82 - 12.00 0.18 0.27 1.7 3 15.98 54.50 - 21.61 7.92 0.66 0.40 2.2 4 9,79 62.10 - 23.00 5.11 0.69 0.43 Petrographic studies have established that SAFC obtained from a low-alkaline raw mix, has a more crystallized, but less homogeneous structure compared to clinker of a high-alkaline composition.
Clusters of calcium aluminoferrite grains containing a solid solution of belite with admixtures of titanium, magnesium and chromium oxides, as well as anhydrite that did not enter into mineral formation reactions, were found around the zonal crystals.

For the crack growth analysis it is necessary to assess the SIF values for the crack front evolution in the fracture process which may be the reason for a large number of publications addressed to the SIF calculation.
At each step of the iterative procedure the SIFs for different values of the parametric angle are defined for a given number of cycles, then crack increments in certain directions are determined and a new crack front is found with correction of the finite element mesh.
According to the approach the expected crack path is considered in design of the finite element grid, the finite elements assumed the grains clusters with approximately close slip resistance.
The number of cycles prior failure of each element is evaluated using the strain-life Manson’s criterion.

Introduction Soil is a kind of inhomogeneous and discontinuous material consisted of air, water and mineral grains with size running across several orders of magnitude in a certain way and has very complicated physical and mechanical properties.
As a kind of intensive granular material[3], soil has large numbers of internal interfaces, which increases as the size of soil particles decreases.
Table.1 Scheme of consolidated and undrained triaxial compression tests Group number Matrix liquidity index Matrix water content（%） Reinforcement particle size(mm) Reinforcement particle content(%) Sample quantity 1-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 1-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 1-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 1-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 2-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 2-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 2-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 2-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 3-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 3-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 3-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 3-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 4-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 4-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 4-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 4-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 Results and discussion.
On one hand, when the reinforcement particles remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the matrix properties, it means that, the smaller the matrix liquidity index, the stronger the soil strength; on the other hand, when the matrix propertied remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the particle size and particle content of the reinforcement particles, the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases with the reinforcement particle size decreasing and with the reinforcement particle content increasing, the increasing specific surface area of reinforcement particles results in an increase in the number of coordinated micro-cracks causing the soil to work harden at microscale, and more intensive interaction in the rolling and sliding of the reinforcement particles at mesoscale, and stronger frictional strength of the soil at macroscale, in this case, the yield stress increases as the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases.

The study established by Annad et al [20] proposes a rather important number of formulas and neglects the effect of the pile shape.
Type of data Symbol used Units Pier type Group or Single // Pier nose shape Round, Square, and Sharp // Nominal pier width b Feet Pier width normal to flow bn Feet Pier length L Feet Flow angle of attack θ Degrees Approach flow velocity V0 Feet per second Approach flow depth Vc Feet per second Median grain size D50 Millimeter Sediment gradation σg Dimensionless Some values of the parameters stated in Table 1 are missing, and it should also be noted that the laboratory data don’t consider the bridge pier shape, as the bridges are standardized reduced prototypes.
For the elaboration of this study, 1249 field data are retained, 80% of them are used for the elaboration of the new formula, while the remaining 20% is left for its validation. 2.2 Model parameters The local scour formulas usually consider three groups of parameters in their equations (Eq. 1) mainly; - Physical parameters of the flow: Froude number ‘Fr’, velocity ‘V’, and critical velocity ‘Vc’; - Geotechnical parameters: the average size of sediment ‘D50’, soil stresses τ0 and τC; - Geometric parameters: bridge pier dimensions (‘b’ and ‘L’), approach section ‘y’.
R2=i=1nds.o i – ds.o ds.c i – ds.c i=1nds.o i – ds.o 2i=1nds.c i – ds.c 22 (5) RSR %=100i=1nds.o i - ds.c i 2i=1nds.o i - ds.c 2 (6) PBIAS %= 100i=1nds.o i - ds.c i i=1n(ds.o i ) (7) Where; - ds.o i, ds.o are the in-situ scour depths observed and their average value; - ds.c i , ds.c are the scour depths calculated by the new formula and their average value; - (n) is the number of field measurements.

When the insoluble anodes are applied, the number of tests carried out from one portion of the bath is lower in comparison with the case of the soluble anodes due to impoverishment of the electrolyte.
Maximal number of tests from one portion of the bath should be not higher than 8.
Hull determined these constants from a number of electrolytes and found that they did not differ from one another.
Deposits from sulfamate nickel plating baths have a very fine grain structure, are very smooth and ductile.

It is obvious that some of the imperfections (Figure 1) in plasma spraying coatings can be eliminated by choosing the right parameters of the process [3, 4, 5], for example by increasing the number and density of molten particles in the spray stream, the coating density increases and the resulting porosity decreases [6].
The number of pores and oxides greatly varies with the value of the remelting speed and increases with increasing speed.
In order to reduce the number of pores and uneven surface morphology, relatively low travelling speed and homogeneous heating should be applied.
The microstructure of the bond coat after this treatment is formed by Inconel fine grains being followed by the surface layer consisting of elongated dendritic microstructure of the remelted CoNiCrAlY compound.

The number of polymers directly related to cement particles and the features of their adsorption are studied.
[23] Rahman A, Singh A, Harimkar S.P., Singh R.P., Mechanical characterization of fine grained silicon carbide consolidated using polymer pyrolysis and spark plasma sintering.

He began to create with a collage technique, with a piece of newspaper expressing a bottle on the left and with grained paper representing a violin on the right, and then with a few lines of charcoal pen sketching collage of these disparate materials to form an organic unity of the body.
If the person encounters similar natural scenes or artworks again, he or she will feel the aesthetic pleasure due to the sensory correspondence The great European artist Beuys was the representative character of creating artworks with synthesized materials; He used a large number of materials of various textures to arbitrarily organize pictures, without the constraints of concrete forms, and to express emotions by sherry utilizing texture and composition.