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Online since: January 2021
Authors: Stanisław Dymek, Marek S. Weglowski, Krzysztof Krasnowski, Krzysztof Kwiecinski, Robert Jachym, Adriana Wrona, Jerzy Dworak, Janusz Pikuła, Katarzyna Kustra, Izabela Kalemba-Rec
It is obvious that some of the imperfections (Figure 1) in plasma spraying coatings can be eliminated by choosing the right parameters of the process [3, 4, 5], for example by increasing the number and density of molten particles in the spray stream, the coating density increases and the resulting porosity decreases [6].
The number of pores and oxides greatly varies with the value of the remelting speed and increases with increasing speed.
In order to reduce the number of pores and uneven surface morphology, relatively low travelling speed and homogeneous heating should be applied.
The microstructure of the bond coat after this treatment is formed by Inconel fine grains being followed by the surface layer consisting of elongated dendritic microstructure of the remelted CoNiCrAlY compound.
The number of pores and oxides greatly varies with the value of the remelting speed and increases with increasing speed.
In order to reduce the number of pores and uneven surface morphology, relatively low travelling speed and homogeneous heating should be applied.
The microstructure of the bond coat after this treatment is formed by Inconel fine grains being followed by the surface layer consisting of elongated dendritic microstructure of the remelted CoNiCrAlY compound.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ren Guo Gu, Ying Guang Fang, De Luan Feng, Zhi Wei He
Introduction
Soil is a kind of inhomogeneous and discontinuous material consisted of air, water and mineral grains with size running across several orders of magnitude in a certain way and has very complicated physical and mechanical properties.
As a kind of intensive granular material[3], soil has large numbers of internal interfaces, which increases as the size of soil particles decreases.
Table.1 Scheme of consolidated and undrained triaxial compression tests Group number Matrix liquidity index Matrix water content(%) Reinforcement particle size(mm) Reinforcement particle content(%) Sample quantity 1-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 1-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 1-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 1-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 2-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 2-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 2-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 2-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 3-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 3-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 3-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 3-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 4-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 4-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 4-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 4-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 Results and discussion.
On one hand, when the reinforcement particles remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the matrix properties, it means that, the smaller the matrix liquidity index, the stronger the soil strength; on the other hand, when the matrix propertied remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the particle size and particle content of the reinforcement particles, the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases with the reinforcement particle size decreasing and with the reinforcement particle content increasing, the increasing specific surface area of reinforcement particles results in an increase in the number of coordinated micro-cracks causing the soil to work harden at microscale, and more intensive interaction in the rolling and sliding of the reinforcement particles at mesoscale, and stronger frictional strength of the soil at macroscale, in this case, the yield stress increases as the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases.
As a kind of intensive granular material[3], soil has large numbers of internal interfaces, which increases as the size of soil particles decreases.
Table.1 Scheme of consolidated and undrained triaxial compression tests Group number Matrix liquidity index Matrix water content(%) Reinforcement particle size(mm) Reinforcement particle content(%) Sample quantity 1-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 1-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 1-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 1-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 2-1 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 0 3 2-2 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 25 3 2-3 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 50 3 2-4 0.2 36.0 0.1-0.2+0.25-0.3 75 3 3-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 3-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 3-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 3-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 4-1 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 0 3 4-2 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 25 3 4-3 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 50 3 4-4 0.4 40.4 0.5-0.6+0.8-0.9 75 3 Results and discussion.
On one hand, when the reinforcement particles remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the matrix properties, it means that, the smaller the matrix liquidity index, the stronger the soil strength; on the other hand, when the matrix propertied remain unchanged, the soil strength is determined by the particle size and particle content of the reinforcement particles, the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases with the reinforcement particle size decreasing and with the reinforcement particle content increasing, the increasing specific surface area of reinforcement particles results in an increase in the number of coordinated micro-cracks causing the soil to work harden at microscale, and more intensive interaction in the rolling and sliding of the reinforcement particles at mesoscale, and stronger frictional strength of the soil at macroscale, in this case, the yield stress increases as the specific surface area of reinforcement particles increases.
Influence of Metakaolin, Fly Ash and Nano Silica on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Nasir Shafiq, Rabinder Kumar, Asif Jalal, Airil Yasreen Mohd Yaseen
To prevent the chloride permeation into concrete, there is an increase in the trend of using the fine grained material in concrete.
Number of researchers has used MK as cement replacing material or as an additive in concrete to identify its effect on concrete mechanical and durability properties.
Number of authors has been working since the concept of addition Fly Ash in concrete has arisen.
Presence of FA, number of small diameter pore increases in a cement matrix.
Number of researchers has used MK as cement replacing material or as an additive in concrete to identify its effect on concrete mechanical and durability properties.
Number of authors has been working since the concept of addition Fly Ash in concrete has arisen.
Presence of FA, number of small diameter pore increases in a cement matrix.
Online since: June 2025
Authors: Tidjani Zitouni, Ouissem Benmesbah, Amira Hakim, Yamina Benkrima, Bougoffa Mohammed Seyf Eddine, Amel Chabbi, Sayhia Benchaa
This research provided significant insights into understanding and analyzing wear by addressing the largest number of characteristics previously unexplored.
Multiple FSP passes improved SiC particle dispersion and reduced stir zone (SZ) grain size.
Pin shape and the number of passes significantly influenced SZ grain size and SiC particle distribution, with each pass enhancing wear resistance due to homogeneous SiC particle dispersion.
Lead is soluble in molten brass but precipitates at grain boundaries during solidification, resulting in particles ranging in size from 1 to 10 μm [50,51].
Nakamura, Wear behavior of α-Si3N4 ceramics reinforced by rod-like β-Si3N4 grains, Wear. 254 (2003) 94-102
Multiple FSP passes improved SiC particle dispersion and reduced stir zone (SZ) grain size.
Pin shape and the number of passes significantly influenced SZ grain size and SiC particle distribution, with each pass enhancing wear resistance due to homogeneous SiC particle dispersion.
Lead is soluble in molten brass but precipitates at grain boundaries during solidification, resulting in particles ranging in size from 1 to 10 μm [50,51].
Nakamura, Wear behavior of α-Si3N4 ceramics reinforced by rod-like β-Si3N4 grains, Wear. 254 (2003) 94-102
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Pavel Oleinik, Larisa Grigorieva
The volume of wood waste is constantly growing due to the increase in the number of buildings subject to demolition or dismantling, reconstruction and repair works.
In addition to traditional use of wood polymer composite materials in construction and furniture industry high density wood polymer composite materials with a high concentration of fine-grained chippings can be used as industrial and garage boards.
In addition to traditional use of wood polymer composite materials in construction and furniture industry high density wood polymer composite materials with a high concentration of fine-grained chippings can be used as industrial and garage boards.
Online since: July 2025
Authors: Peter Mascher, James Michael Gaudet, Tiancheng Wu, Daniel Lopez Vilchis, Amy Stieh, Janos Rado, Alla Reznik, Andrew P. Knights
Note that, while reference [2] shows the polycrystalline grain structure to be composed of thin platelets, the platelets are all oriented with their broad surfaces perpendicular to the positron beam, thus to the positron beam the samples may appear to be composed of much larger grains.
Note that the regions are named according to the convention described in the methods section, rather than the VEPFIT convention of numbering them from the surface.
Further studies on this material must begin to distinguish between disorder on the scale of individual atoms and bond lengths (i.e. vacancies and vacancy complexes), and that on the larger scales defined by the layered structure, crystalline grain structure, inclusions of impurities (Pb, PbO2, Pb3O4, etc.), and amorphous/crystalline inclusions.
Note that the regions are named according to the convention described in the methods section, rather than the VEPFIT convention of numbering them from the surface.
Further studies on this material must begin to distinguish between disorder on the scale of individual atoms and bond lengths (i.e. vacancies and vacancy complexes), and that on the larger scales defined by the layered structure, crystalline grain structure, inclusions of impurities (Pb, PbO2, Pb3O4, etc.), and amorphous/crystalline inclusions.
Online since: November 2018
Authors: Salima Aggoun, F. Mostefa, H.A. Mesbah, D. Mekhatria, Nasr Eddine Bouhamou
Introduction
Many studies have shown that a large number of natural aluminosilicate materials can potentially be used for the synthesis of geopolymers such as kaolinite, stilbite, sodalite, illite, and anorthite [1, 2, 3].
The entire test and the grain size analysis was carried at out laboratory INSA Rennes.
Fig. 2: Volumetric particle size distribution Fig. 3: Grain size distribution of raw and calcined sediment In addition the granular distribution seems to be transformed into a unimodal distribution centered 5 μm.
Mullainathan : Distribution and characterization of minerals in Cauvery river sediments by grain size analysis: a new approach by FT-IR study, Ind.
The entire test and the grain size analysis was carried at out laboratory INSA Rennes.
Fig. 2: Volumetric particle size distribution Fig. 3: Grain size distribution of raw and calcined sediment In addition the granular distribution seems to be transformed into a unimodal distribution centered 5 μm.
Mullainathan : Distribution and characterization of minerals in Cauvery river sediments by grain size analysis: a new approach by FT-IR study, Ind.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Jayson D. Santos, Lexyber Casantosan Manalo, Ismail Mohd Saaid, Manuel Jr. L. Cabiguen
The process of dissolving resin crystals is repeated, now mixed with varying ratios of pre-weighed resin and carbon nanotubes without ultrasonication in keeping with the objective of evaluating the resin as a binder with the minimum number of components and processes used in its preparation.
The zeta potential of the formulations is measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZSPPo using high concentration zeta cells, set at 100 runs per sample, 25 °C, and at measurement position of 2mm. 3.5 Sand and PVC Molds Preparation The sand grains were washed with 15% NaCl brine to minimize the effects of clay on the adhesive strength of the binder as practiced on existing sand consolidation methods requiring a brine pre-flush (Nguyen et al., 2004).
The sand grains were dried in an oven for 24 hours at 100 degrees Celsius and then sorted using a mechanical sieve shaker between mesh size 40 and 60 with the purpose of attaining a relatively homogenous grain size across all samples [42-44].
The zeta potential of the formulations is measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZSPPo using high concentration zeta cells, set at 100 runs per sample, 25 °C, and at measurement position of 2mm. 3.5 Sand and PVC Molds Preparation The sand grains were washed with 15% NaCl brine to minimize the effects of clay on the adhesive strength of the binder as practiced on existing sand consolidation methods requiring a brine pre-flush (Nguyen et al., 2004).
The sand grains were dried in an oven for 24 hours at 100 degrees Celsius and then sorted using a mechanical sieve shaker between mesh size 40 and 60 with the purpose of attaining a relatively homogenous grain size across all samples [42-44].
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Yi Sheng Zhang, Yi Lin Wang, Ming Tu Ma, Lei Feng Song
The number of vehicles has reached 137 million.
Tab.2 Comparison of mechanical properties material Gauge length(mm) Yield strength(MPa) Tensile strength(MPa) Total elongation(%) hardness(HV) Developed material 30 1040-1130 1470-1580 10.0-12.0 460-495 22MnB5 30 1100-1180 1520-1620 6.0-7.0 485-536 Due to niobium can effectively refine the grain, Nb-added hot stamping steel was developed by Baosteel Shanghai and CITIC technology company, which can effectively improve the tensile strength and ductility of hot stamping part , also help to improve the delay fracture properties of this steel.
Microstructure simulation during heating process of boron steel Technological process of hot stamping contains heating, blank transfer, forming and quenching, control of process parameter is of a important on grain size of austenite, alloy content, phase composition, hardenability of austenite and mechanical properties of components.
Grain size of austenite will grow up constantly at higher temperature or longer soaking time.
Tab.2 Comparison of mechanical properties material Gauge length(mm) Yield strength(MPa) Tensile strength(MPa) Total elongation(%) hardness(HV) Developed material 30 1040-1130 1470-1580 10.0-12.0 460-495 22MnB5 30 1100-1180 1520-1620 6.0-7.0 485-536 Due to niobium can effectively refine the grain, Nb-added hot stamping steel was developed by Baosteel Shanghai and CITIC technology company, which can effectively improve the tensile strength and ductility of hot stamping part , also help to improve the delay fracture properties of this steel.
Microstructure simulation during heating process of boron steel Technological process of hot stamping contains heating, blank transfer, forming and quenching, control of process parameter is of a important on grain size of austenite, alloy content, phase composition, hardenability of austenite and mechanical properties of components.
Grain size of austenite will grow up constantly at higher temperature or longer soaking time.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Sanae El Mimouni, Mohamed Bouhdadi
This strategy eases the proof of the correctness of requirements because only a
small number of proof obligations are generated at each step.
All interactive proofs involved a small number of steps and were straightforward to reach.
We start from abstract requirements, we gradually refine them to achieve concrete and fine-grained description of the model and verify each refinement level against the specification constructed in the previous refinement.
The set is not given a specific size, but it is declared to be finite, meaning that it does have a size that is a natural number.
All interactive proofs involved a small number of steps and were straightforward to reach.
We start from abstract requirements, we gradually refine them to achieve concrete and fine-grained description of the model and verify each refinement level against the specification constructed in the previous refinement.
The set is not given a specific size, but it is declared to be finite, meaning that it does have a size that is a natural number.