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The effect of higher temperature at butanol’s combustion is diminished by cooling effect as a result of its vaporization, which would explain the reduction of NOx emission.
For data acquisition and processing, the stand is equipped with an AVL acquisition system.
This decrease is due to the reduction of the temperature inside the cylinder as a result of more intense cooling effect produced by the butanol’s vaporization.

Data show that twice times the standard axle load of gravel between layers of warm-mix asphalt pavement stress under relative to ordinary asphalt pavement to be small.
Table 5 Comparison of warm-mix asphalt pavement with gravel base price Material types Thickness Unit price (Yuan/ton) Cost (Yuan)/m2 On the old cement concrete pavement overlay Paving Chisel except for old cement concrete slab 25cm 300 150 Broken cement environmental reclamation 150 93.7 Cement concrete backfill 25cm 450 112.5 Hot asphalt mixture 16cm 600 235.2 Subtotal 591.4 Warm-mix asphalt. pavement with gravel base Warm-mix asphalt. mixture 16cm 625 245.2 Asphalt concrete leveling 5cm 600 126 Seal coat 1cm 13 Warm-mix asphalt. potting 35 Hammers of stone base course 22cm 10 Subtotal 429.2 By cost comparison of hot-mix warm-mix asphalt pavement, after the old concrete road Panel visible hammer crusher, warm-mix asphalt methods of filling and the laying of warm-mix asphalt concrete pavement, reduction of its cost can be as low 37%.
Warm-mix asphalt mixing plant timely reduction to a certain degree of air pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and indirect cost savings, asphalt mixing factory site can be more flexible.

The XRD interpretation was done by comparison with standards in a PDF 02-8 data bank using the Bruker DiffracPlus software.
This may be attributed to the reduction in porosity by liquid phase formation due exclusively to the ash.
Furthermore, see Fig. 2, a significant increase in strength occurred at 1050ºC, which can be attributed to the aforementioned reduction of porosity by liquid phase infiltration [15].

The values for area reduction and elongation in each specimen were calculated by measuring both the initial diameter and the gauge length before and after tensile testing, respectively.
A fatigue crack propagation rate (da/dN) analysis was conducted using pairs of data comprising cycle number (N, in cycle) and crack length (a, in mm).
Tensile properties of AISI 4140 steel in different heat treatments Specimen Tensile strength, MPa Plastic energy (J) Elastic energy (J) Area reduction (%) Elongation (%) sy sult An 359 624 100.00 0.44 49.40 28.10 MA 829 1040 54.10 4.24 41.50 7.30 Fig. 3.

According to the data in some relevant materials, when adding rare earths into aluminum alloys, rare earths can not only form the compounds (REAl4) which has a role in strengthening the matrix with the aluminum, but form the stable intermetallic compound with iron and silicon.
These compounds are precipitated in the grain boundaries, which make silicon and iron concentration increased in grain boundaries and the reduction of the impurities in crystals, accompanied with the reduction of resistance and the increase of conductivity.

Experimental Procedure Three microalloyed steels were laboratory melted, reheated to 1250 °C, laboratory control-rolled from 80 mm to 13 mm thickness (approximately 50% reduction below 850°C), and air-cooled.
The HiC and HiMn alloys were nominally identical to the Base steel, except for the higher level of carbon in the HiC alloy (and a compensating reduction in manganese to maintain a similar Bs temperature), and a higher level of manganese in the HiMn alloy to suppress diffusional transformations and lower Bs.
EDAX-TSL OIM Data Collection 5.1 software was used for analysis.

However, present of an apparent defect on the surface of the thin films (observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) upon annealing at 160°C contributed to the reduction of remnant polarization.
The presence of “separations” on AN160 thin film caused a significant reduction in Pr , which was probably due to the observed defects observed in the film.
Prabu, "Ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE) Ultrathin Film for SPM-based Data Storage Devices " Solid State Phenomena, vol. 124-126, pp. 303-306, 2007

As to AgGO Alginate composite, after the microwave irradiation a new peak appeared at 260 nm, indicating the partially reduction of functional group of GO.
The data revealed that the Alginate layers was covered to graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticles simultaneously deposited on the cellulose with the size of 20 nm in size.
Yoshimura, Chemical reduction of graphene oxide using green reductants. 119 (2017) 190-199

As the outside fiber undergoes a uniaxial compressive stress state, then the effective strain rate εei+1can be calculated using the radius reduction Δi-i+1 which is calculated using Δi+1=(ri-ri+1)ri×100%, as approximated in Eq. 18.
Er=4EEt(E+Et)2 (25) Similar with the calculation of effective strain rate, for a given forming temperature, when the material is drawn from rito ri+1, the outside fiber experiences a certain strain which can be calculated using the radius reduction, then the tangent modulus Et can be obtained using the CDM material model as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and the reduced Young’s modulus.
The stress-strain data for the AA5754 at different temperatures and different strain rates were input into Pamstamp via look up table.

The EOS of type 8 is used, which inputs tabulated the pressure-volumetric strain data points in addition to the instantaneous bulk modulus for unloading at these points.
Fig. 5-b shows the relation between the ratio of the thickness of the HS-ECC layer to the total slab thickness and the reduction factor of displacement.
(a) Displacement-time histories of layered slabs; (b) Reduction-factor with the ratio of HS-ECC layer thickness relationship.