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Concerning classical molecular dynamics, the choice of interatomic potential function is determinative, and a number of functions and parameters have been investigated to regenerate various physical properties for typical materials such as major fcc metals like Al and Cu and bcc metals like Fe.
Also it revealed that this kind of inelastic deformation was triggered by the phase transformation, which means that the number of steps of phase transformation, or actually how transformation area expands, is more determinative factor than the amount of transformation.
Polycrystalline structure should also be taken into account, since the existence of grain boundaries may be one of the key factors.

Vidmanshett structure number 0.5 was observed in the transverse cross section of the rod with 5.5 mm in diameter by optical microscopy analysis (Figure 1, a, b).
Grain number was 8 in accordance with the Russian standard GOST 5639 – 82.

Taking into consideration the above-mentioned data, by means of its differentiation with respect to variables t, x, we obtain (10) where r, s - are relatively prime numbers.
If we substitute the obtained expressions in differential Eq. 8, we’ll obtain for the first approximation the system of linear heterogeneous algebraic equations solvable for unknown functions and (11) After simple transformations from Eq. 11 we have (12) where , - wave numbers, - their frequency The last ratio determines main parameters of system under discussion oscillations main parameters, i.e., after averaging [2,5-7], the connection between amplitude and phase difference is as follows (13) (14) where functions and are determined by relations; So, for the first approximation the resonance oscillations of granular medium-elastic screw system are described by Eq. 9, and parameters and , being their constituents are determined by Eq. 13
The humidity was measured by Grain Moisture Meter MD7822 for bulk materials.

The time durations were determined by choosing the number of passes of the brush over the sample.
The number of passes chosen in the experimental series is one, three and six passes, corresponding to brushing time durations of 2 s, 6 s and 12 s.
The smearing leads to a multilayered surface structure where also grain refinement is occuring (see Fig. 2.)

A total of 300,000 knee arthroplasties are performed each year in the United States alone with the number increasing every year [1].
The work piece was initially discretized into approximately 800 elements, increased to a total number of about 19500 when the first remeshing step was applied.
Fioravanti: Friction in orthogonal cutting of Douglas Fir at various grain orientations: Measurements and consequences.

By increasing the number of coefficients, the agreement between the predicted flow stress and the experimental one gets worse, causing a decrease in the R2 from a value of 0.972 for the H-S law with 5 coefficients to a value of 0.939 for the H-S law with 9 coefficients, as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
Funding National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 04 Component 2 Investment 1.5-NextGenerationEU, Call for tender n.3277 dated 30/12/2021 (Award Number: 0001052 dated 23/06/2022).
Tomesani, Grain evolution analysis and experimental validation in the extrusion of 6XXX alloys by use of a lagrangian FE code, International Journal of Plasticity 46 (2013) 70-81

There are two main types of rotary valve: First, the more common “drop-through” rotary valve, which is used mainly for relatively free-flowing materials (e.g. grain, rice, and powder, granulated fertilizer, alumina, coffee beans, sugar); Second, the “blow-through” rotary valve, which is used mainly for more cohesive or sticky powders (e.g. cocoa powder, flour, milk powder) that may not discharge properly from a drop-through rotary valve (i.e. fine powder compacts and sticks to the inside of the wedge-shaped rotor pockets) [8].
The key variables related to rotary airlock performance are as follows: · Number of blades · Type of rotors · Wear and abrasion of the rotary airlock valves Number of blades: The more blades the rotor has, the better its ability to seal pressure differences between the inlet and outlet ports [5].

- T3: Test to define the best pyramidal geometry, with different number of flutes around hand right and hand left.
The number of helix around both rotation senses determines the pyramidallike formation of the cutting edges
The nanocrystalline TiAlN or AlCrN-grains become embedded in an amorphous Si3N4 honeycomb matrix.

grain boundary migration, the dynamics of structural transformation, motion of deformation bands, residual strain (stress), and fracture).
An increase in the dislocation density, while the number of solute atoms remains constant, increases effectively the length of dislocation segment between weak pinning points and hence the δH component should increase, which is observed.
It should be noted that number of free solute atoms or their small clusters in the matrix may be influenced by thermodynamic processes in the matrix.

The fine grained structural steel S355 (yield strength: 355 MPa) was used as base material for reasons of excellent weldability.
With increasing number of weld runs the impact of the phase transformation on the reaction force gradually decreases.
Apart from that, a tensile stress peak is present in run number 15 due to the asymmetrical weld sequence.