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First, lower oxygenation induced by incorporation of lower valence ion leads to decrease the number of holes.
But incorporation of higher positively charged ions to the system would improve the oxygenation of the chains and can in some cases increase the number of holes on them.
And both of the number of holes and Tc will decrease.
Then both of the total number of holes and Tc of the system will negatively affect [27].
The powder was grained using agate mortar for 1/2 hr followed by ball milling for 10 hr.

During rolling, people mainly pay attention to the following problems: (1) dimensional precision and geometrical shape of slabs [1, 2], such as the thickness, width; (2) microstructure and property of slabs [3], such as grain size; (3) surface quality of slabs [4], such as surface roughness; (4) defects and their distribution in slabs [5~7], such as cracks.
When the reduction ratio is 5%, in the whole view of fracture surface, a small number of zones are dimple fracture which means that these zones can achieve crack healing, but most zones are the cleavage fracture where the crack does not heal (Fig. 7(a)).
When the reduction ratio reaches 20~30%, as the reduction ratio further increases, the size and the number of dimple fracture zones increase (Fig. 7 (c) and (d)).

The connotation of nano surface engineering according to how easy it is to realize the industrialization includes: ①making composite coating which has a specific nanoperformance, improving abrasive resistance and corrosion resistance; ②making nanometer diaphragm; ③making grains in tens of microns depth of the metal surface layer to change microns into nanometer through the specific processing method, in order to achieve nano structured on the surface; ④nano-finishing of materials or membrane; ⑤making the excellent engineering properties coating which was constituted by nano-materials.
Composite brush plating technology is not only more mature, but also has many advantages, such as easy operation, portable equipment, flexibile process, rapid plating speed, a number of coating types and so on.
The number of cyclic times was the contact fatigue life of specimen.

However, design load of vehicles increases, number of vehicles doubled increases and vehicles overload, all of these factors greatly increase rolling intensity and frequency on highway, and lead to severe fatigue and damage of highway. lastly, operation customers often remake their vehicles to increase the height and load of vehicles driven by economic interests.
Overloading vehicles are still driving and continuous operation with a large number.
In order to set complex surface, the upper layer laid 10cm thick asphalt concrete surface, the sublayer laid 15 ~ 20cm cement concrete surface, and set plaster layer and coarse grained gravel soil layer at the same time.

With more Zn and O atoms absorbed, the cluster collapsed into a tetrahedron as a nucleus of T-ZnO, which consisted of four equivalent grains having triangular dipyramidal shapes.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 50774014, and the project of “863 Plan of China” under grant number 2008AA03Z514.

Fig.1 CT scanning system CT Image Analysis Characteristics of CT images.CT scan image is an X-ray and material absorption coefficient μ of the relevant digital images, each pixel corresponding to a number in the image on the performance of different gray-scale, that is, each pixel has a corresponding gray value.
Figure 5 also greatly improved the contrast, you can clearly see the initial damage of the specimen, porosity, and contrasts significantly larger coal particles, exist within the pores, grain boundaries, microcracks and higher density mineral tuberculosis, no such damage sequence distribution, making the initial structure is very uneven.
Human vision is sensitive to the color, the human eye can distinguish only the number of gray levels, but it can distinguish between different hue, saturation of the thousands of color.

Slip bands impinging upon oxidized grain boundaries in Waspaloy tested in LCF at 527oC.
Furthermore, the number of load/temperature paths is unlimited making it a practical impossibility to do sufficient testing to cover all possibilities.
L/H) resulted in fracture at the number of cycles that would be expected for isothermal cycling at the higher temperature.

Properties Nano TiO2 Shape of particle Nearly spherical Density (g/cm3) 4.3-5.4 specific surface area (m2/g) 200-240 Average grain size (nm) 10-25 Putity(%) 99 Sample preparation method.
(1) Where, S = stiffness, MPa e = natural logarithm to the base e, A and b = regression constant, N = number of loading cycles Fig. 2 demonstrates the difference in stiffness of normal samples with that of the samples modified by 4% TiO2 nanoparticles.
Fig. 3 shows the fatigue life of origin asphalt sample and modified asphalt sample with 4% nano TiO2 at different strain levels against the number of loading cycles.

During more than 2500 years from King Fuchai canalized the Han groove in Chunqiu Period to the early 20th century, the Canal was constructed constantly and grain was shipped across major rivers to the capital, which left behind an indelible imprint of political ideology, economy, technology and culture forms in the different periods of China, and is a testament of the determined Chinese national spirit and Great creativity.
The Grand Canal protection and management involves a number of provinces and cities, and the protection concepts in various departments are different, the specific protection measures are hard to reunification, so when destructive behavior happens, it is difficult to define and strengthen administrative accountability.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China Water Resources Fee (Number: Shi Shui Zi Yuan Fei 1213).

All the slabs were cooled at a slow rate, using a hood cooling system and numbered as 2-1839 (1), 2-1839 (2), 2-1839 (3) and 2-1839 (4). 2.3 Hot Deformation Simulation Study in Gleeble.
Although heat treatment parameters were determined through simulation study in the Gleeble simulator, experiments were conducted on 6 number of plates by varying hardening and tempering temperatures for better understanding and optimization of the parameters.
Hot deformation and dilatometric studies in the Gleeble-3500C simulator suggested that CC slabs may be processed by deforming in the temperature range of 1000-1050°C with strain rates of about 1.0 for obtaining fully recrystallized grains in the rolled product without overloading the mill. 3.