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The spectral emission of doped ZnS in the visible region is characteristic for the activating impurities and owes its origin to the defects in the crystal structure [7].
Transition from cubic to hexagonal structures occurs at 1020 °C during phosphor processing.
EL-phosphors are generally cubic in structure [9].
Overall the luminous emission is much lower on textiles than on transparent films, however the emission can be increased substantially by adding an additional fluorescent layer to the structure of the EL-capacitor.
Chaudary, Electroluminescence spectra and excitation mechanism of (Zn, Cd)S thick films doped with various metallic and rare earth ions, Materials Chemistry and Physics 59 (1999) 162-167

Most of the agro-based fibers are lignocellulose in nature and considered to be a composite structure in which cellulose fibers are embedded in a lignin matrix.
These spots contribute to the weakening of the composite structure.
It is worthwhile to understand the chemistry and underlying principles of the silane coupling agent and its coupling mechanism.
In terms of application, OPF polyester composite is most suitable in structures where stiffness and dimensional stability is of prime importance but is only a secondary choice to areas where structural strength is more vital than component rigidity.
Zhou, Reformed bamboo and reformed bamboo/ aluminium composite, Part 1: Manufacturing technique, structure and static properties.

Zinc manganite is one of the spinel-type oxides and has a typical spinel structure, with the trivalent Mn cation occupying the octahedral position and the divalent Zn cation occupying the tetrahedral site in the cubic spinel structure.
The main peaks corresponding to ZnMn2O4 are in good agreement with the reported data (JCPDS File No.24-1133) and also (211) the peak at 36.5° fully shows the structure formation of the ZnMn2O4 spinel.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011. 115(44): p. 21730
Al-Haddad, Comparison Study of the Electronic Structure for the (a-GaAs: H) Films Prepared by Thermal and Flash Evaporation. 1997, PhD thesis, university of Baghdad

The structure and magnetic properties of the composite films were characterized.
Kodama et al. [14] suggested that the noncollinear spin structure, which originated from the pinning of the surface spins and the coated surfactant at the interface of iron oxide, results in the reduction of the magnetic moment in such nanoparticles.
Yamauchi, New Fe-based soft magnetic alloys composed of ultrafine grain structure, J.
Patil, Chemical synthesis of highly stable PVA/PANI films for supercapacitor application, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 128 (2011) 449-455
Deng, Structure and electromagnetic characteristics of flaky FeSiAl powers made by melt-quenching, J.

However, the naked Fe3O4 NPs were easily conglobated and oxidized in air, several methods have been designed to form core-shell structure using inorganic materials or polymers including metals and oxides[2-4].
Human immunoglobulin E (hIg E) is one kind of immunoglobulin which possesses the antibody activity or holds a similar chemical structure with the antibody molecule. hIg E was found on the surface membrane of basophiles and mast cells in all individuals, making these cells sensitive to stimulation by hIg E antigen-antibody interaction[10, 11].Thus, hIg E was deemed to striggering the most mysterious allergy reactions, In clinical, hIg E has played an important role in clinical diagnosis with hypersensitivity diseases [12].
As shown in Fig. 1(A) and Fig. 1(B), the Fe3O4 NPs and Fe3O4@Au NPs are almost uniform and well spherical structure.
In the core-shell structure of Fe3O4@Au NPs, Au shell could provide more electrocatalytic activity while magnetic Fe3O4 core could provide larger surface area and facilitate the purification of nanocomposites.
An Immunosensor for Microcystins Based on Fe3O4 @Au Magnetic Nanoparticle Modified Screen-Printed Electrode, Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 41 (2013) 1353-1358.

Introduction The economic development and the improvement of the quality of life are impossible without the construction of new and reconstruction of existing transport roads, industrial, residential and public buildings and structures.
The capillary effect, present in soils with a fine-grained structure, leads to the fact that clays are almost always in an unevenly wet state, since the clay itself does not pass water well and water penetrates through various impurities.
Slag and ash from thermal power plants are considered as a promising material for the production of geopolymers, which are distinguished by a rigid, densely packed polycrystalline structure and have a higher density.
Chemical and mineral-phase compositions, structure and properties of ash and slag waste depend on the composition of the mineral part of the fuel, its calorific value, combustion mode, method of capturing and removing them, and the place of extraction from dumps.
Yatsenko, Glass Physics and Chemistry.

To find out the best conditions for the PLA-Plasticizer-filler mixture, several analyzes were used, including Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to determine tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation, X-Ray Differential XRD analysis to determine the level of crystallinity, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to see the morphological structure of solids and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine the molecular structure of the film.
Characterization of Composite Film The molecular structure of the film was observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) with Spectrum Nicolet iS10 FTIR (Thermo Scientific).
Modulus Young’s result of composite film Molecular Structure and Interaction Analysis of Composite Film C-O C-H C-H C=O O-H Fig. 3.
The results of the structural chemistry of the composite also show that there has been a dispersion process between the added materials.

Introduction Choosing a type of corrosion protection for construction metal products and structures considering the technical and economic as well as operating factors is a complex problem [1].
There are two groups of raw materials for manufacturing powder coatings in chemistry: based on thermoplastic film formers and based on thermosetting film formers [7].
In case of carboxylated polyester resin using a structure-forming hardener is a must.
This can be explained by the decrease in the system density by washing calcium compounds away from the powder coating structure during the test, which results in the decrease in the corrosion resistance.
The change in the crystal form of the filler from cubic one to spherical one also helps receiving the more dense system structure with the increase in the corrosion resistance of the coating.

Characterisation of the Chitosan/layered silicate nanocomposites Catalina Natalia Cheaburu1, b, Cornelia Vasile 1, a, Donatella Duraccio 2,c , Sossio Cimmino2,d 1 Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, Iasi, Romania 2 Instituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri (ICTP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA).
Fig. 2: X-ray patterns of nanocomposites based on chitosan; nanocomposites with various amounts of clay, Na +MMT (a) and C30B (b), (c) nanocomposites with different clay type (a) (b) (c) (a) (b) Because of the hydrophilic and cationic structure of chitosan in acidic medium, this biopolymer has a good miscibility with montmorillonite (especially with Na +MMT) and can easily intercalate into the interlayers by means of cationic exchange [11, 12] Fig. 2a shows the XRD patterns of Na +MMT, neat CS and its CS/Na +MMT nanocomposites with different Na +MMT amount.
The shift of the basal reflection of Na +MMT to lower angle indicates the formation of an intercalated nanostructure, while the peak broadening and intensity decrease most likely indicate the disordered intercalated or exfoliated structure.[9, 11, 15] In the case of unmodified MMT the interspace distance (d001) was enlarged from 1.23 nm to 1.91 nm with the increasing of the clay amount indicating a good intercalation of chitosan into the layers of clay.
The peak of nanocomposite CS- C93A in comparison with C93A, presented in Figure 2c, shows a rather broaden peak indicating a developement of an exfoliated structure.
It has been established on the basis of the X-rays diffraction results that the nonocomposites with Na +MMT, C15A and CS-C93A exhibit a disordered intercalated or exfoliated structure and a good intercalation of chitosan into the layers of clay.

It is expected that carbon should play a role in this since it i) has a direct effect on the scale of the martensitic structure produced on quenching [6], ii) increases the strength of the martensite formed [7] and iii) gives rise to carbides that will impact on recrystallization [8].
One observes a coarser lath martensite structure in the stainless steel compared to the low carbon steel, the carbon steel exhibiting a microstructure similar to that reported in [9].
Though a quantitative comparison between the materials is complicated by the differences in chemistry, one can see that the behaviour of the stainless steels is similar to that of the carbon steels (fig. 3c).
which in the case of the high strength carbon steels comprises most if not all of the tensile curves. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Martensite Rolled As Rolled 550 o C, 60min 650 o C, 15min 750 o C, 15min Ferrite Rolled As Rolled 550 o C, 60min 650 o C, 15min True Stress (MPa) True Strain 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 Stainless Steel As rolled 550 o C, 60min 650 o C, 15min 750 o C, 15min Carbon Steel As Rolled 550 o C, 30min 650 o C, 30min True Stress (MPa) True Strain 0 4 8 12 16 20 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Stainless Steel Low Carbon Steel Ueji et al. [14] Tensile Strength (MPa) Uniform Elongation (%) (a) (b) (c) Fig. 3: (a) Tensile behaviour for stainless steel cold rolled and annealed starting from both a recrystallized ferritic microstructure (black symbols) and a martensitic structure
In the case of the stainless steel, inspection of fig. 4b reveals features, such as elongation of the recrystallized grains parallel to (a) (b) (c) Fig. 4: (a) Bright field TEM micrograph of ferritic stainless steel after 70% cold rolling of martensite structure and annealing for 60min at 550°С as viewed parallel to the normal direction (ND) of the sheet.