Paper Titles
Preface
Experimental Insights into Rutting and Stripping Resistance of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Layers
p.3
Use Liquid Crystals to Enhance the Efficiency of the PV
p.11
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnMn2O4 for Gas Sensing Application Using Pulse Laser Deposition Technique
p.19
Photosynthetic Responses of Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora apiculata) to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
p.31
Modal Analysis of Composite Laminated Shell Reinforced by Crumbed Rubber Particles
p.45
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Transient Response for the Specific Rubber Compound
p.53
Numerical Investigation of the Modal Analysis for Multi Layers Composite Plate
p.64
Internet of Things Applications Using Heterogeneous VANET Architectures: A Review of the Challenges, Advancements, and Issues
p.77

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnMn2O4 for Gas Sensing Application Using Pulse Laser Deposition Technique

Article Preview

Abstract:

Thin films of ZnMn2O4 were deposited on quartz substrates at 250 °C using the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique and then annealed in air at 500 °C for 6 hours. The films were tested for detection of NO2 and NH3 at different operating temperatures. The films showed rapid response time is (7.2 s) for NO2 and (13.5 s) for NH3 at 300 °C. The upper sensitivity of NH3 is 15%, while the upper sensitivity of the samples tested with 60ppm NO2 is 93% at a temperature of around 300°C. Also, the structural properties as X-ray diffraction ( XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and optical properties were studied. Keywords: Gas sensors, pulse laser deposition, PLD, ZnMn2O4, Sensing properties, optical properties.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
The 6th International Scientific Conference of Alkafeel University (ISCKU) View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Engineering Headway (Volume 35)

Pages:

19-30

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7HnXTN

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Aqeel I. Faris, H.H. Khudher, Rafea Ahmed, Mohammad Malik Abood, Jinan A. Abd

Keywords:

Gas Sensors, Optical Properties, PLD, Pulse Laser Deposition, Sensing Properties, ZnMn2O4

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

References

[1] M. Winter and R. J. Brodd, What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors? Chemical reviews, 2004. 104(10): p.4245.

DOI: 10.1021/cr020730k

Google Scholar

[2] M. Abdollahifar, S.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, B.-Y. Shih, H.-S. Sheu, Y.-F. Liao, and N.-L. Wu, High-performance carbon-coated ZnMn2O4 nanocrystallite supercapacitors with tailored microstructures enabled by a novel solution combustion method. Journal of Power Sources, 2018. 378: p.90.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.022

Google Scholar

[3] P. Simon and Y. Gogotsi, Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nature materials, 2008. 7(11): p.845.

Google Scholar

[4] J. J. Peinado-Pérez, M. C. López-Escalante, and F. Martín, Effect of the Nature of the Electrolyte on the Behavior of Supercapacitors Based on Transparent ZnMn2O4 Thin Films. Nanomaterials, 2023. 13(23): p.3017.

DOI: 10.3390/nano13233017

Google Scholar

[5] A. Petitmangin, B. Gallas, C. Hebert, J. Perriere, L. Binet, P. Barboux, and X. Portier, Characterization of oxygen deficient gallium oxide films grown by PLD. Applied Surface Science, 2013. 278: p.153.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.10.136

Google Scholar

[6] G. Atanasova, A. O. Dikovska, T. Dilova, B. Georgieva, G. Avdeev, P. Stefanov, and N. Nedyalkov, Metal-oxide nanostructures produced by PLD in open air for gas sensor applications. Applied Surface Science, 2019. 470: p.861.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.178

Google Scholar

[7] Y. Suda, H. Kawasaki, T. Ueda, and T. Ohshima, Preparation of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide thin film using a PLD method as parameters of target material and nitrogen concentration ratio in nitrogen/oxygen gas mixture. Thin Solid Films, 2005. 475(1-2): p.337.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.07.047

Google Scholar

[8] Z. Jovanović, U. k. Trstenjak, H.-C. Ho, O. Butsyk, B. Chen, E. Tchernychova, F. Borodavka, G. Koster, J. i. Hlinka, and M. Spreitzer, Tiling the Silicon for Added Functionality: PLD Growth of Highly Crystalline STO and PZT on Graphene Oxide-Buffered Silicon Surface. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023.

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17351

Google Scholar

[9] A. Dikovska, G. Avdeev, G. Atanasova, T. Dilova, R. Nikov, and N. Nedyalkov. ZnO-NiO composite nanostructures produced by atmospheric PLD. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2023. IOP Publishing.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2487/1/012002

Google Scholar

[10] A. I. Faris, J. A. Abd, and F. Ali Mustafa, Ga2O3 / CdO composite: Synthesis and characterization for gas sensing application. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.020

Google Scholar

[11] A. I. Faris, J. A. Abd, and F. A. Mustafa. Effect of CdO on the optical properties of Ga2O3 using PLD technique. in AIP Conference Proceedings. 2022. AIP Publishing LLC.

DOI: 10.1063/5.0121167

Google Scholar

[12] N. Nagarani and V. Vasu, Structural and optical characterization of ZnO thin films by sol-gel method. Journal on Photonics and Spintronics, 2013. 2(2): p.2324.

Google Scholar

[13] D. Bandgar, S. Navale, G. Khuspe, S. Pawar, R. Mulik, and V. Patil, Novel route for fabrication of nanostructured α-Fe2O3 gas sensor. Materials science in semiconductor processing, 2014. 17: p.67.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2013.08.016

Google Scholar

[14] E. Scerri, The periodic table: its story and its significance. 2019: Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar

[15] G. E. Patil, D. Kajale, D. Chavan, N. Pawar, P. Ahire, S. Shinde, V. Gaikwad, and G. Jain, Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing performance of SnO 2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2011. 34(1): p.1.

DOI: 10.1007/s12034-011-0045-0

Google Scholar

[16] R. H. Bari, S. Patil, and A. Bari, SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND GAS SENSING PERFORMANCE OF SOL-GEL PREPARED NANOCRYSTALLINE SnO 2 THIN FILMS. International Journal on Smart Sensing & Intelligent Systems, 2014. 7(2).

DOI: 10.21307/ijssis-2017-672

Google Scholar

[17] M. Mahabole, R. Aiyer, C. Ramakrishna, B. Sreedhar, and R. Khairnar, Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing property of hydroxyapatite ceramic. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2005. 28(6): p.535.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02706339

Google Scholar

[18] X. Song, L. Gao, and S. Mathur, Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas Sensing Properties of Porous Nickel Oxide Nanotubes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011. 115(44): p.21730.

DOI: 10.1021/jp208093s

Google Scholar

[19] S. Ryabtsev, N. Hadia, and E. Domashevskaya, Study of ZnO, SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2 nanostructures synthesized by the gas-transport. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy= Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2010. 12(1): p.17.

DOI: 10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/2357

Google Scholar

[20] J. Pankove, Optical processes on semiconductors Dover publication. Inc. New york, 1971.

Google Scholar

[21] R. J. Elliott and A. F. Gibson, An introduction to solid state physics and its applications. 1974: Barnes & Noble.

Google Scholar

[22] S. Pati, A. Maity, P. Banerji, and S. Majumder, Qualitative and quantitative differentiation of gases using ZnO thin film gas sensors and pattern recognition analysis. Analyst, 2014. 139(7): p.1796.

DOI: 10.1039/c3an02021e

Google Scholar

[23] L. Kazmerski, Polycrystalline and amorphous thin films and devices. 2012: Elsevier.

Google Scholar

[24] L. Eckortova, Physics of Thin Films Plenum Press. New York and London, 1977.

Google Scholar

[25] H. A. Macleod, Thin-film optical filters. 2017: CRC press.

Google Scholar

[26] R. Al-Haddad, Comparison Study of the Electronic Structure for the (a-GaAs: H) Films Prepared by Thermal and Flash Evaporation. 1997, PhD thesis, university of Baghdad.

Google Scholar

[27] A. A. Islam and A. Mondal, Recent Developments in Condensed Matter Physics and Nuclear Science: Proceedings of the International Workshop Held at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, 28 Oct.-1 Nov. 1996. Vol. 1. 1997: Physics Department Rajshahi University.

DOI: 10.55131/jphd/2022/200311

Google Scholar

[28] M. A. Omar, Elementary solid state physics: principles and applications. 1975: Pearson Education India.

Google Scholar

[29] W. Cun, W. Xinming, Z. Jincai, M. Bixian, S. Guoying, P. Ping'an, and F. Jiamo, Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic property of nano-sized Zn 2 SnO 4. Journal of Materials Science, 2002. 37(14): p.2989.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1016077216172

Google Scholar

[30] H. Xiong, Y. Zhang, K. Liew, and J. Li, Catalytic performance of zirconium-modified Co/Al2O3 for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005. 231(1-2): p.145.

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.12.033

Google Scholar

[31] N. Guo, X. Q. Wei, X. L. Deng, and X. J. Xu, Synthesis and property of spinel porous ZnMn2O4 microspheres. Applied Surface Science, 2015. 356: p.1127.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.185

Google Scholar

[32] L. Xiao, Y. Yang, J. Yin, Q. Li, and L. Zhang, Low temperature synthesis of flower-like ZnMn2O4 superstructures with enhanced electrochemical lithium storage. Journal of Power Sources, 2009. 194(2): p.1089.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.043

Google Scholar

[33] Z. K. Heiba, M. B. Mohamed, and A. Badawi, Structural and optical properties of (1 − x)ZnMn2O4/xPbS nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2022. 33(14): p.11354.

DOI: 10.1007/s10854-022-08108-w

Google Scholar

[34] Z. K. Heiba, M. B. Mohamed, M. Ghannam, N. M. Farag, A. El-naggar, and Y. Altowairqi, Exploring the Effect of Fe/Cr Doping on Structural and Optical Characteristics of Nano ZnMn2O4. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 2022. 32(1): p.23.

DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02083-1

Google Scholar

[35] S. Yan, Y. Yu, and Y. Cao, Synthesis of porous ZnMn2O4 flower-like microspheres by using MOF as precursors and its application on photoreduction of CO2 into CO. Applied Surface Science, 2019. 465: p.383.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.211

Google Scholar