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The time durations were determined by choosing the number of passes of the brush over the sample.
The number of passes chosen in the experimental series is one, three and six passes, corresponding to brushing time durations of 2 s, 6 s and 12 s.
The smearing leads to a multilayered surface structure where also grain refinement is occuring (see Fig. 2.)

There are two main types of rotary valve: First, the more common “drop-through” rotary valve, which is used mainly for relatively free-flowing materials (e.g. grain, rice, and powder, granulated fertilizer, alumina, coffee beans, sugar); Second, the “blow-through” rotary valve, which is used mainly for more cohesive or sticky powders (e.g. cocoa powder, flour, milk powder) that may not discharge properly from a drop-through rotary valve (i.e. fine powder compacts and sticks to the inside of the wedge-shaped rotor pockets) [8].
The key variables related to rotary airlock performance are as follows: · Number of blades · Type of rotors · Wear and abrasion of the rotary airlock valves Number of blades: The more blades the rotor has, the better its ability to seal pressure differences between the inlet and outlet ports [5].

- T3: Test to define the best pyramidal geometry, with different number of flutes around hand right and hand left.
The number of helix around both rotation senses determines the pyramidallike formation of the cutting edges
The nanocrystalline TiAlN or AlCrN-grains become embedded in an amorphous Si3N4 honeycomb matrix.

The fine grained structural steel S355 (yield strength: 355 MPa) was used as base material for reasons of excellent weldability.
With increasing number of weld runs the impact of the phase transformation on the reaction force gradually decreases.
Apart from that, a tensile stress peak is present in run number 15 due to the asymmetrical weld sequence.

These gettering processes are the diffusion of impurities in regions of high solubility (e.g. phosphorous doped emitter) or the precipitation of impurities at crystal defects like grain boundaries or dislocations.
Slip occurs usually at (111) planes because these planes contain the highest number of atoms.
Acknowlegdement This work was supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research under contract number 03SF0379B (“CZ-Sil”) in the framework of the Excellence Cluster Solar Valley Central Germany.

A large number of small molecules escape in pyrolysis process of precursor polymer resulting in higher porosity.
Above-mentioned two reaction mechanisms of preparation of SiC ceramic coatings were derived from a large number of experimental data, but were significantly different.
Low temperature needle like mullite grain formation in sol-gel precursors coated on SiC porous substrates, Thin Solid Films. 519(22) (2011) 7672-7676

A total of 300,000 knee arthroplasties are performed each year in the United States alone with the number increasing every year [1].
The work piece was initially discretized into approximately 800 elements, increased to a total number of about 19500 when the first remeshing step was applied.
Fioravanti: Friction in orthogonal cutting of Douglas Fir at various grain orientations: Measurements and consequences.

The average lifetime is independent of the number of artificially created components and restrictions [21].
Thus it can be said that the size of vacancy clusters is not changed but the number of them is reduced.
Islamgaliev, Positron-Lifetime Investigation of Thermal Stability of Ultra-Fine Grained Nickel, Phys. stat. sol.

(2) where q is the number of austenite grains per mole of lattice sites, n0 is the number of martensite nuclei, and m is the parameter as a function of martensite shape.

Group Number Chemical Composition [at. %] Mixing Time [h] Compaction Pressure [MPa] Sintering Temperatures [⁰C] Sintering Time [h] Group 1 Ti-10Zr 10 300 1200 6 Ti-20Zr 10 300 1200 6 Ti-30Zr 10 300 1200 6 Group 2 Ti-10Zr + 20 (wt. %) NH4HCO3 10 300 1200 6 Ti-20Zr + 20 (wt. %) NH4HCO3 10 300 1200 6 Ti-30Zr + 20 (wt. %) NH4HCO3 10 300 1200 6 Zr and Ti initial powders were prepared according to the chemical compositions given in Table 1.
In addition, it was striking to determine a great number of needle-like structures replacing lamellar shape structure in Ti –30Zr (at. %) for group 1 and 2 alloys [21].
Thus, increasing Zr contents resulted in finer grains.