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This shows that the light components in heavy oil increased after catalytic aquathermolysis, and heavy components decreased obviously; in catalytic aquathermolysis with hydrogen donor some cycloalkanes aromatization were converted into aromatics, and molecules structure of fused aromatic long-alkyl-strand breaks generated on the hydrocarbon molecules, connecting the two aromatic rings or an aromatic ring with a naphthenic alkyl bridge between the occurrence of a fracture, it also shows that the binding of some resin and long alkane chain in the aromatic ring in the structure of asphaltene molecular and then breaking occur, from which some small molecular hydrocarbons are generated, and the breakings happen in the alkane bridge between two aromatic nucleuses or a aromatic nucleus and a naphthenic ring, so resin and asphaltene content decreased, and aromatic content increased.
In the infrared spectrum of figure 2(a), the strong stretching vibration absorption peaks of naphthene and methylene in alkane are at the wavenumber 2850cm-1 and 2920cm-1 severally, the characteristic absorption peak of open-chain structure of the C=O is at the 1707cm-1, the contributions of double bonds C=C of aromatic hydrocarbons are near the wavenumber 1700 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1, The strong absorption peaks around the wavenumber 1457cm-1 and 1376cm-1 is caused by asymmetric C-CH3 bond and symmetric -CH2- bond , The wavenumbers 869cm-1, 812 cm-1 and 745 cm-1 refer to deformation vibration absorption peak of aromatic ring-plane C-H, reflecting the vibrations in the ring of aromatic hydrogen and the wavenumbers from 720 cm-1 to 730 cm-1 are related to the absorption of the flexural vibrations of chain alkyl group(CH2)n (n ≥ 3).
Heavy oil contains more heteroatom, such as S, O and N, originally most in the structure of fused ring, and de-hydrogenation and heteroatom effects occur in the fused ring in the aquathermolysis, which can reduce the number of total rings.
The mechanisms are twofold: in the thermodynamics, hydrogen inhibition reaction of dehydrogenation of naphthenic aromatic structures from which the polycyclic aromatic is produced; hydrogen is required by the conversion of heavier components to the lighter.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2004, 32(1):117-120

Introduction Activated carbon fiber has a large specific surface area, suitable micropore structure, reactivation and strong adsorption properties.
The structure of the filter water equipment was shown in figure 1. 1: Upper cover 2: Intermediate 3: Lower cover 4: Upper holder 5: Filter material 6: Lower holder 7: Filter mesh 1 8: Filter mesh 2 9: Cross bracket 10:Cloth Figure 1 The structure of the filter water equipment The water flow passes through the filter in three layers: filter material, strainer 1 and strainer 2.
In addition, in the process of pre-oxidation, the water content of fiber could be significantly enhanced for hydrate could be produced by the combination of the oxygen-containing polar group in the annular trapezoid structure of cellulose macromolecules and water.
Samples No.1-11 were prepared according to the structure which shown in Figure 1.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 267 (2013)6-10

Moreover, porous structure of outer part of the PEO layer can be used as a base for the obtaining of composite coatings by application of fluoropolymers, for example superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (SPTFE) [11-14].
During heat treatment, PTFE penetrates into the pores and forms a thin polymer film on the surface, which provides additional insulation of the metal substrate from the influence of the environment, and fills the unevenness of the coating, forming a more uniform and smooth structure.
This change is due to the effect of embedded PTFE in the coating and the formation of a more uniform surface structure.
The CA acquired such a value due to the formation of a hierarchical structure of the coatings surface.
Functional Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings for Offshore Structures.

Introduction Calcium titanate (CaTiO3), a dielectric material with perovkite structure, has been exploited in the manufacture of telecommunication systems, electronic and microwave dielectric devices.
Doping with monovalent and divalent ions results the in alteration of the crystal structure and microstructure, which might conseqeuently lead to the material’s dielectric constant enhancement.
Teoh, The structure and PTCR effects of Mg-doped ZnTiO3 ceramics.
Hamaji, Grain size effects on dielectric properties and Crystal structure of fine-grained BaTiO3 ceramics.
Materials Chemistry and Physics 78 (2002), 111-115

The structure is composed of edge-sharing MO5 trigonal bipyramids which are bound together via BO3 planar triangles to form polyanionic framework [19].
Ma et.al, the structure is built by the MnO5 bipyramid and trigonal BO3 planes to form three-dimensional [MnBO3] framework [21].
Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage, Tarascon Nature Chemistry, 7 (2015) 19–29 [2] J.M.
Piffard, LiMBO3 (M=Mn, Fe, Co):: synthesis, crystal structure and lithium deinsertion/insertion properties, Solid State Ionics 139 (2001) 37 [14] Ling Chen, Yanming Zhao, Xiaoning An, Jianmin Liu, Youzhong Dong, Yinghua Chen, Quan Kuang Ling Chen and Yanming Zhao, J.
Lee, Structure and electrochemical behavior of LiMnBO3 synthesized at various temperatures, J Ceram Process Res,13, (2012) 253-258 [21] Rui Ma Lianyi Shao Kaiqiang Wu Mengmeng Lao Miao Shui Cheng Chen Dongjie Wang Nengbing Long Yuanlong Ren Jie Shu, A New Look at Lithium Cobalt Oxide in a Broad Voltage Range for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Ceram.

Furthermore, various parameters like a size of grains and the surface shape, as well as the chemistry of the surface of copper oxide nanostructures, impact the optical current values of photo detectors.
[2] M.A Fakhri, MM Hassan‏, Morphological and structural properties of Cu2O/2-D photonic silicon nano structure for gas sensors‏, AIP Conference Proceedings 2213 (1) (2020) 020244 [3] M.A.
M Hassan, MA Fakhri, SA Adnan, Structural and Morphological Properties of Nano Photonic Silicon Structure for Photonics Applications‏, Defect and Diffusion Forum 398 (2020) 29-33 [7] T.
Salim, Enhancement of Lithium Niobate nanophotonic structures via spin-coating technique for optical waveguides application, The European Physical Journal Conferences 162(7) (2017) 01004
A Fakhri‏, Structure and optical properties of HfO2 nano films grown by PLD for optoelectronic device‏, AIP Conference Proceedings 2213 (1) (2020) 020228 [35] S.

In order to define the structures of chemical synthesized POT-CSA films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used.
The crystallinity was reduced greatly (amorphous nature of the structure) in POT-CSA in NMP film were it had very broad diffraction peak at 2θ =26°.
It can be seen that peak of absorption for conjugated structure of emeraldine salt of POT chains becomes widened and red-shifted significantly.
This fact directly demonstrates that secondary doping enhances the x conjugation structure of POT in the composite.
Materials chemistry and physics 89.1 (2005): 1-5.‏

According to the binary MgO-SiO2 phase diagram[21], MgO and Al2O3 will form a spinel sosoloid (MgAl2O4)with a high smelting point (2135) and net structure within the Al2O3-rich zone and below 1500, owing to the similar ionic radius of Mg2+ and Al3+.
Because of the low interfacial energy between corundum and the spinel sosoloid, especially in presence of more liquid phase, Mg2+ will diffuse inward from the surface gradually and replace the Al3+ in the γ-A12O3 tetrahedron which has a “original spinel structure”, making γ-A12O3 gradually translated into a so-called “complete spinel structure”, but not into α-Al2O3.
If the amount of talc is too much, the generated CO2 gas can not be released promptly, this will cause large amounts of pores among grain particles and liquid phase thus forming much weak interface which will destroy matrix structure and density.
Kyanite(Al2O3·SiO2) is a triclinic silicate, in which all the Al3+ are arranged as octahedral aluminum oxide. this structure determines that kyanite is stable at low temperature and high pressure.
[19] Zhejiang University, Shanghai Institute of Chemical Technology, South China Institute of Technology, et al.: Portland Physical Chemistry (China Building Industry Press, Beijing, China, 1980) [20] S.Chen, F.Tian: Phase diagram analysis and application(Metallurgy Industry Press, Beijing, China, 2007) [21] F.W.Dynys, J.W.Halloran: J Am Ceram Soc Vol. (65)(1982), p.442-44 [22] F.S.Yen, H.L.Wen, Y.T.Hsu: J Crystal Growth Vol.(233)(2001), p.761-773

PHBV, with Mn =1.5×105, PLA, with Mn =2.5×104, PLGA, with Mn =2.0×104, were purchased from Chengdu organic chemistry Co.
When CTS was used as the additives, the products (sample 5) were not microspheres at last but a porous sponge like structure.
Sample 2 had fine spherical structure, too.
Although the macroscopic structure of sample 5 was like a sponge, there were also small microspheres that could be seen in the SEM micrographs.
While CTS could be used as additives in the drug delivery system with other macroscopic structure, such as sponge, film and so on. 4.

It indicates that the spherical ultra-fine silver powder is face-centered cubic structure, its diameter is about 1.0 μm with homogeneous particle size distribution and smooth surface.
It is known that the properties of metal microstructures are closely related to their size, shape and structure and so on, which would affect properties of silver paste.
Colloid chemistry introduction [M].Beijing:CHEP, (1989) 30-3 [9] Zhao Liu , XueLiang Qi , Hui Wang.Synthesis and characterization of spherical and mono-disperse micro-silver powder used for silicon solar cell electronic paste Advanced Powder Technology pp. 1-6.